The Host Prologue: Inserted

The Healer's name was Fords Deep Waters. Because he was a soul, by nature he was all things good: compassionate, patient, honest, virtuous, and full of love. Anxiety was an unusual emotion for Fords Deep Water. Irritation was even rarer. However, because Fords Deep Water lived inside a human body, irritation was sometimes inescapable. As the whispers of the Healing students buzzed in the far corner of the operation room, his lips pressed together into a tight line. The expression felt out of place on a mouth more often given to smiling. Darren, his regular assistant, saw the grimace and patted his shoulder. â€Å"They're just curious, Fords,† he said quietly. â€Å"An insertion is hardly an interesting or challenging procedure.† â€Å"Any soul on the street could perform it in an emergency. There is nothing for them to learn by observing today.† Fords was surprised to hear the sharp edge marring his normally soothing voice. â€Å"They've never seen a grown human before,† Darren said. Fords raised one eyebrow. â€Å"Are they blind to each other's faces? Do they not have mirrors?† â€Å"You know what I mean ?C a wild human. Still soulless. One of the insurgents.† Fords looked at the girl's unconscious body, laid out facedown on the operating table. Pity swelled in his heart as he remembered the condition the poor, broken body had been in when the Seekers had brought her to the Heeling facility. Such pain she'd endured Of course she was perfect now ?C completely healed. Fords had seen to that. â€Å"She looks the same as any of us,† Fords murmured to Darren. â€Å"We all have human faces. And when she wakes up, she will be one of us, too.† â€Å"It's just exiting for them, that's all.† â€Å"The soul we implant today deserves more respect then to have her host body gawked at this way. She'll already have far too much to deal with as she acclimates.† â€Å"It's not fair to put her through this.† Bythis, he did not mean the gawking. Fords heard the sharp edge return to his voice. Darren patted him again. â€Å"It will be fine. The Seekers needs information and-â€Å" At the wordSeeker, Fords gave Darren a look that could only be described as a glare. Darren blinked in shock. â€Å"I'm sorry,† Fords apologized at once. â€Å"I didn't mean to react so negatively. It's just that I fear for this soul.† His eyes moved to the cryotank on its stand beside the table. The light was a steady, dull read, indicating that it was occupied and in hibernation mode. â€Å"This soul was specially picked for the assignment,† Darren said soothingly. â€Å"She is exceptional among our kind ?C braver than most. Her lives speak for themselves. I think she would volunteer, if it was possible to ask her.† â€Å"Who among us would not volunteer if we were asked to do something for the greater good? But is that really the case here? Is the greater good served by this?† â€Å"The question is not her willingness, but what it is right to ask any soul to bear.† The Healing students were discussing the hibernating soul as well. Fords could hear the whispers clearly: their voices was rising now, getting louder with their excitement. â€Å"She's lived on six planets.† â€Å"I heard seven.† â€Å"I heard she never lived two terms as the same host species.† â€Å"Is that possible?† â€Å"She's been almost everything. A Flower, a Bear, a Spider-â€Å" â€Å"A See Weed, a Bat-â€Å" â€Å"Even a Dragon!† â€Å"I don't believe it ?C not seven planets.† â€Å"At least seven. She started at the Orgin.† â€Å"Really? The Orgin?† â€Å"Quiet, please!† Fords interrupted. â€Å"If you cannot observe professionally and silently, then I will have to ask you to remove yourselves.† Abashed, the six students fell silent and edged away from another. â€Å"Let's go on with this, Darren.† Everything was prepared. The appropriate medicines were laid our beside The human girl. Her long dark hair was secured beneath a surgical cap, exposing her slender neck. Deeply sedated, she breathed slowly in and out. Her sun-browned skin had barely a mark to show for her accident. â€Å"Begin thaw sequence now, please, Darren.† The gray-haired assistant was already waiting beside the cryotank, his hand resting on the dial. He flipped the safety back and spun down the dial. The red light atop the small gray cylinder began to pulse, flashing faster as the seconds passed, changing color. Fords concentrated on the unconscious body: he edged the scalpel through the skin at the base of the subject's skull with small, precise movements, and then sprayed the medication that stilled the excess flow of blood before he widened the fissure. Fords delved delicately beneath the neck muscles, careful not to injure them, exposing the pale bones at the top of the spinal column. â€Å"The soul is ready, Fords,† Darren informed him. â€Å"So am I. Bring her.† Fords felt Darren at his elbow and knew without looking that his assistant would be prepared, his hand stretched out and waiting; they had worked together for many years now. Fords held the gap open. â€Å"Send her home,† he whispered. Darren's hand moved into view, the silver gleam of an awaking soul in his palm. Fords never saw an exposed soul without being struck by the beauty of it. The soul shone in the brilliant lights of the operating room, brighter than the reflective silver instrument in his hand. Like a living ribbon, she twisted and rippled, stretching, happy to be free of the cryotank. Her thin, feathery attachments, nearly a thousand of them, billowed softly like pale silver hair. Though they were all lovely, this one seemed particularly graceful to Fords Deep Waters. He was not alone in his reaction. He heard Darren's soft sigh, heard the admiring murmurs of the students. Gently, Darren placed the small glistening creature inside the opening Fords had made in the human's neck. The soul slid smoothly into the offered space, weaving herself into the alien anatomy. Fords admired the skill with which she possessed her new home. Her attachments wound tightly into place around the nerve centers, some elongating and reaching deeper to where he couldn't see, under and up into the brain, the optic nerves, the ear canals. She was very quick, very firm in her movements. Soon, only one small segment of her glistening body was visible. â€Å"Well done,† he whispered to her, knowing that she could not hear him. The human girl was the one with ears, and she slept soundly. It was a routine matter to finish the job. He cleaned and healed the wound, applied the salve that sealed the incision closed behind the soul, and then brushed the scar-softening powder across the line left on her neck. â€Å"Perfect, as usual,† said the assistant, who, for some reason unfathomable to Fords, had never made a change from his human host's name, Darren. Fords sighted. â€Å"I regret this day's work.† â€Å"You're only doing your duty as a Healer.† â€Å"This is the rare occasion when Healing creates an injury.† Darren began to clean up the workstation. He didn't seem to know how to answer. Fords was filling his Calling. That was enough for Darren. But not enough for Fords Deep Waters, who was a true Healer to the core of his being. He gazed anxiously at the human female's body, peaceful in slumber, knowing that this peace would be shattered as soon as she awoke. All the horror of this young girl's end would be borne by the innocent soul he'd just placed inside her. As he leaned over the human and whispered in her ear, Fords wished fervently that the soul inside could hear him now. â€Å"Good luck, little wanderer, good luck. How I wish you didn't need it.†

Any Two Love or War Poems Studied and Compare and Contrast

The first poem I am going to write about is the Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred lord Tennyson. Alfred was born on the 6th of August 1809 in Lincolnshire England. Alfred died on the 6th of October 1892. The poem is talking about war that he read in the newspaper and he wrote a poem about them. The battle took place in the 1854. Alfred was not a soldier in the war he think war is a good thing. In the first verse it talks about the six hundred soldiers going to war in the valley of death. He talks about the soldier being ambushed in the valley by the Russian army. The commander told the soldiers to go to the valley. The soldiers travel about six or seven miles in the valley â€Å"half a league, half a league, half a league onwards all in the valley of death†. There is a good use of tripling half a league, half a league, half a league three times at start sets up a rhythm you can nearly hear the gallop of the horses hooves as you say the words. There is personification in this verse â€Å"Valley of death† this is a good because it suggests to us that the Light Brigade are going to lose their lives in the valley few of them will survive the battle. In the second verse he talks about the soldiers going up the valley ready to battle â€Å"Forward the light brigade†. The soldier didn’t have a choice to go and battle in the valley of death. The soldiers had to go and fight because that was there duty to do as the commander asks them to do saw. Alfred said the soldiers was brave because it said in the poem â€Å"theirs not to make reply Theirs not reason why Theirs but to do or die† This tells us that Alfred is telling that the soldiers was brave to fight for there country. In this verse there is personification â€Å"In to the valley of death†. This is a good use of personification because it describes the valley of death because of the battle in the valley. Ther is a ggod verb the â€Å"Blunder'd† is good because it means making a mistake. This underlines the fact that what the Light Brigade is doing is going to end in disaster. In the third verse it talks about the cannons shooting the light brigade â€Å"cannon to the right of them, cannons to the left of them Cannons in front of them† this is good repetition of the word â€Å"Cannan† underlines how senusly survounded the Light Brigade was by the enemy. It also tells us that with connons all round them the Light Brigade were moving into a deadly trap as there was no escape route. Theres a good persanification bthere â€Å"Jaws of hell† this is good because â€Å"Jaws† are used for eating and gobbling up food. The idea is that the soldiers are going to be eaten up by the fireing canans of the russians. The word â€Å"Hell† suggest that the place and circumstances are horrible like hell. There is a sense of doom. Alfred lord Tennyson tells that the light brigade was bravely to go to the valley and fight. â€Å"Boldly they rode and well† The light brigade was foolish to go to the valley of death because the enemy was in the top and they could shoot them easily. In the forth verse it talks about the Light Brigade ready to battle as they take there swards out. â€Å"Flash’d all their sabres bare† â€Å"Flash’d as they tum’d in air† The light brigade was fighting the gunners away and charging the army away. Theres a good use of verbs in this poem â€Å"Flash'd, sabring, charging, plunged at the beginning of the verse underlines the heroic bravery with which they rode into the valley. â€Å"Reel'd shalter'd and shunderd, This verbs at the end of the cerse tell us that the battle went badly for the Light Brigade and they are forced to retread. Alfred was talking about â€Å"all the world was wondered† as the Light Brigade was trying to fight. At the end it tells that the Light Brigade was retiring from the battle â€Å"reeled from the sabre stroke†. The soldiers was tired after the battle â€Å"shattered and shunder’d†. The last two lines is saying that the light brigade is going back but not the six hundred that had started in the battle â€Å"Then they rode back but not, Not the six hundred† In verse five it describing the battle that the Light Brigade fought in the valley of death. Alfred is saying what was the battle like to fight in. â€Å"While horses and hero fell† he is telling that the soldiers in the Light Brigade were being killed while they were fighting. In the last lines it tells â€Å"All that was left of them, Left of the six hundred† In this verse there are personification â€Å"The jaws of death† There’s use of onomatopoeia â€Å"Thundered† and â€Å"Stormed† as you hear the noises in your head, you are made aware of the seriousness of the attack against the Light Brigade, the cannons are shooting them to pieces. In the last verse of the poem is telling how proud were the soldiers when they came back of the battle â€Å"when can their glory fade† Alfred is praise war and fighting and the soldiers in the Light Brigade. â€Å"Honour the charge they made,† he is praising the charge that the Light Brigade made in the battle. Alfred is saying that the Light Brigade was brave to fight in the battle in the valley â€Å"Noble six hundred†. He uses onomatopoeia In this verse like â€Å"Thundered† and Stormed† as you hear the noises in your head you are made aware of the seriousness of the attack against the light brigade. The second poem I'm going to talk about is Dulce ET Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen. Wilfred Owen was born 18 of March 1893 in Shropshire England and he dead in the war in France in November 1918. In these to poems there are differences and similarities. In Wilfred Owens poem he has written from his experiences in war than Alfred had only read it from the newspaper. Wilfred was saying that war was a terrible thing and Alfred was praising war in his poem. I think that Alfred lord Tennyson is wrong about war, war isn’t I good thing its terrible and Wilfred is write about war. The similarities in the two war poems are the both lots of soldiers are scared in the two poems. In the two poems there are creating a picture in your mined that there are people dieing in the poems. â€Å"In all my dreams before my helpless sight He plunges at me guttering, choking, drowning in Wilfred Owens poem and in Alfred poem is saying, â€Å"sobering the gunners there†. The poem starts off with a description of the soldiers. This is totally contrast to light Brigade where the soldiers are â€Å"bold† and â€Å"Nobel†. Soldiers in Dulce ET Decorum Est look like a bunch of old women â€Å"Nock-kneed† and â€Å"coughing like hags†. The poem starts with a smile. The soldiers are compared to â€Å"old beggars under sacks† This is complete different with how we expect soldiers to be like they are tall and strong and their backs strait not â€Å"bent double† Theirs a good use of repetition in this verse. Repetition of the idea of old. â€Å"old beggars† and â€Å"hags† like old women. This contras again with how soldiers should be we expect them to be young and full of life. There are some verbs in this verse such as â€Å"trudge† â€Å"marched asleep† â€Å"drunken with fatigue† suggest totally exhausted men who are nearly dead on their feet. This is totally different to the types of verbs used in the â€Å"Light Brigade† such as â€Å"charging† and â€Å"flashing† of swards. In verse 2 there is totally chaos when someone shouts out â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick boys† The soldiers are so tired that their reactions in finding and putting n their gas masks is really slow. Words like â€Å"clumsy† â€Å"Stumbling† underline that their movements are awkward and tired. In contrast the actions of the soldiers in the charge of the light brigade are fast and effective â€Å"boldly they rode and well† From this point onwards Dulce focuses on one induidiual man the one who fails to get his mask on and dies because his lungs are filling up with gas and he cannot breath, very different to the light brigade which focuses throughout on six hundred men. Dulce forces the reader to become emotionally involved we care about the terrible death of this one man but in light brigade because there are six hundred of them we seem to care less that most of them die. In verse 3 Wilfred Owen begins to talk directly to you. Earlier he has used â€Å"I† â€Å"I saw him drowning† which means that he personally was at the battle and witnessed what happened. Again this technique makes us feel sorry for the man who died. Differently to Alfred was never a soldier he read about the light brigade battle in the news paper the uses the pronoun â€Å"They† throughout his poem so again we don’t feel close to these soldiers. The imagery in verse 3 of dulce is associated with parts of the body and ideas about likes that the reader finds disgusting e. g. the block came gargling from the frat and â€Å"obscene as cancer† These quotes underline how terrible death of this man was and if only people understood this they would stop pretending that it is great to die for your country Tennyson dreams that it is glorious , noble and brave die for your country.

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Carlos Villaluz Francisco Essay Carlos Villaluz Francisco, born in 1914, was the son of Felipe Francisco and Maria Villaluz of Angono, Rizal. Francisco studied at the University of the Philippines (UP) School of Fine Arts. Before the war, he did illustrations for the Tribune and La Vanguardia, and later, with Victorio Edades and Fermin Sanchez painted sets for the Manila Grand Opera House, and the Clover Theater. He was also a member of the Thirteen Moderns a group formed in 1938. After WWII, Francisco taught at the University of Santo Tomas, simultaneously working in film-making with Miguel conde, as the scriptwriter for Ghenghis Khan, Putol na Kampilan (Broken Sword) and Tatlong Labuyo, (Three Wild Roosters). He also designed costumes for Romeo at Julieta, (Romeo and Juliet) as well as Prinsipe Tenoso, (Prince Tenoso) Ibong Adarna, (Adarna Bird), Siete Infantes de Lara, and the Juan Tamad series. 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Through these works, the artists contributed towards developing a Filipino imagery, drawing inspiration from the the customs and traditions of the Philippine people, as well as from familiar environments. In the quest for a Filipino modernist idiom, Francisco, who chose to be based in his fishing village of Agono, observed Philippine folk aesthetics and researched Philippine histon,, customs, and traditions. He arrived at an idiom which was both Filipino and Asian. Francisco employed bold folk colors, flowing rhythmic lines and decorative patterns often covering the entire field of the painting. He evoked the communal life of Philippine gatherings and celebrations. His images of women were drawn from mythology. uch as Mariang Makiling; from history and legend, such as Princesa Urduja; from customs of the past, such as the maiden carried on a hammock across the mountain in Antipolo; and from contemporary folk, such as the woman preparing fish for sinigang. 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Filipino Struggles through History chronicles the history of Manila from the first great Rajahs of Tondo, the Spanish colonial period, Balagtas, Rizal and the Revolution of 1896, up to the American colonial period which becomes the history of the entire nation itself. In this work Francisco often integrated several historical episodes, in smaller scale, under one period. The episode groups, however, are not static but flow into each other by means of various linking devices, such as a winding river, flames branching out, or clouds coiling in spirals. The murals are marked by artistic vigor and inexhaustible inventiveness, a lively characterization of the numerous historical figures, and unifying all, a strong sense of design. Andres Bonifacios figure makes a compelling visual impact as he is shown forging forward, leading the Katpunero with their long bamboo spears, rifles, and bolos. Among the many dynanic scenes is the encounter between Limahong and the Spanish soldiers as they thrust their weapons at each other. A smaller mural is the Pageant of Commerce in four sections: two sides on the history of Philippine trade, from commercial relations with China and Arabia to the Manila Acapulco alleon trade: a section on the development of modern industry in factories, travel and communication; and the central one of a Filipino couple in native costume, the woman slipping a coin into a bamboo alkansya, with the spirit of commerce hovering above. Francisco also did the murals on the Life and Miracles of St Dominic for Santo Domingo Church, 1954; and the Stations of the Cross for Far Eastern University, 1956. He worked with Victorio Edades and Galo B.  Ocampo on the mural of Rising Philippines for the Capitol Theater and murals for the Golden Gate Exposition, the State Theater, the houses of Pres Manuel Quezon, Ernesto Rufino, and Vicente Rufino. Franciscos Kaingin won first prize in the 1948 painting competition of the Art Association of the Philippines. He received the Patnubav ng Sining at Kalinangan Award from the City of Manila in 1964. He was proclaimed National Artist in painting in 1973.

The Solutions And Effects To Prison Overcrowding Criminology Essay

The Solutions And Effects To Prison Overcrowding Criminology Essay The purpose of this paper is to look at the overcrowded prisons that are plaguing the U.S. The prison system that we have is constantly evolving, but seems to circulate through the same prison philosophies. An overcrowded prison does not lend itself to a productive environment for inmates. Many would not care about the environment that the inmates encounter as they feel the inmate has brought this upon himself through his deviant behavior, however not all inmates will stay in prison forever. We will examine some possible solution to curb the overcrowding that is prevalent in prisons today. Solutions to Prison Overcrowding Prison overcrowding has been a problem that has plagued the U.S. prison system since its inception. The solution to this problem for many has been to build more prisons to house the additional prisoners that have been sentenced there. Those who advocate building additional prisons fail to look at what is behind the overcrowding in the first place. Research has found that crime rates are decreasing. It has also shown that prison populations are increasing. Much like the Kevin Costner movie Field of Dreams with the infamous quote, If you build it, they will come that by building more prisons, we will only seek to put more prisoners into them. To fully understand our current overcrowding issue, we must look at the history of the U.S. prison systems and the philosophies that drove them. Then we must look at the sentencing practices that have increased the number of inmates that are incarcerated. This will include the truth-in sentencing laws, the impact of the war on drugs and the enforcement and the increasing of the length of prison terms for certain offenses. We will also take a look at the cost of building a prison and the daily costs of housing an inmate. Then we will look at solutions for reducing prison populations which include rehabilitation and the release of aged offenders and inmates with minor offenses. The U.S. derived many of its ideas about the prison system from England. In the Middle Ages, prisons were used for housing criminals as well as debtors. Juvenile delinquents also began to be housed in prisons. As prisons developed and emerged, the purpose of them changed as well. Drawing from the ideas presented in Essays on Crimes and Punishment by Cesare Beccaria in 1764 a move towards less physical punishment for crimes was made. Beccaria was also responsible for the idea that a punishment should be severe enough to deter crime, but not too extreme. In 1557, England began the use of workhouses. Initially, they were to remove the homeless and vagrants from the streets during the day. During this time, many believed that most criminals were lazy and committed crimes as a result of that. This allowed inmates to work, however they did not learn any useful skills and were not kept in the workhouses overnight. In 1790, the Quakers from Pennsylvania reformed the Walnut Street jail into a prison. The Quakers drew from their religious background and sought to use the prison as a place for an inmate to perform a penance and to make amends for their actions against society. Also, known as the Pennsylvania System, the prison layout allowed for solitary cells. The inmate was placed in the cell, so that they could think about their actions and gain remorse. Work was completed in the cells as well, so the interaction with others was limited to an hour of exercise a day. Although the prison sought to reform the inmates through solitary work, some prisoners could not handle the solitary times and reform did not occur. There was also a high cost involved in maintaining this type of prison. In an effort to improve the prisons, the Mass Prison Era was implemented in 1825. Also known as the Auburn system after the first facility in Auburn, NY, this prison featured areas where inmates worked in groups. However, prisoners still maintained solitary cells when they were not working. When in work groups, silence was enforced. This was done through corporal punishment to maintain order and obedience as well as a strong code of silence at all times. The Auburn prison was also the first to experiment with solitary confinement as a punishment for not following the rules of the prison. One huge difference which produced negative results when compared with the Pennsylvania system is that inmates were not allowed any exercise and they were not given any work to complete. In this system, many inmates went insane, were suicidal and classified as unfit for re-entry into society. Unhappy with their current prison system, The Reformatory Era was developed next. This was the first to introduce the concept of indeterminate prison sentences in the U.S.. This concept came from two European counterparts. The first leader who emerged during this time was Captain Alexander Maconochie who was a warden at Norfolk Island, a prison off the coast of Australia. Maconochie was alarmed at the condition of the prison and sought to reform it. He developed a system where prisoners could earn an earlier freedom with good behavior. Ultimately, it placed the inmates freedom in the hands of that inmate. This was the introduction of the concept of indeterminate sentencing. Another leader during the Reform Era was Sir Walter Crofton who was aware of Maconochies progress and adapted it to the Irish Prison system. Crofton was able to set up a four stage system. In the first stage, prisoners stayed at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin. They were restricted in their activities and movement. In the second stage, they were in Spike Island where they were to begin work. In the third stage, the prisoners were placed in the community on public-service projects. The fourth stage was called the ticket of leave where inmates were allowed to live and work in the community under mild supervision. The response to this was positive until there was an increase in crime which resulted in longer sentences. Crofton did not have the citizens support and could not keep it up. Back in the United States, the indeterminate sentence was introduced by Gaylord Hubbell who was impressed by the Irish Prison system. The indeterminate sentencing was started with approval from The New York Prison Association. Hubbell worked to implement the reformatory practice where prisoners who showed themselves as reformed could earn an earlier release. There were criteria that needed to be met in order to qualify for the indeterminate sentencing: the offender had to be between 16 and 30 years old and it had to be his first offense. Unfortunately, the reform prison era did not last too long as offenders would reoffend. Similar to Ireland, society was not willing to risk the higher crime rates and did not lend its support. It still was the basis for many of the ideas that we hold regarding parole, training and education today. As well as emphasizing the reform of a prisoner over the punishment of a prisoner. In 1890, the Industrial Prison era was sparked. This era brought to light an option to profit from the increasing prison population. There were several systems that utilized inmate work to bring an income into the prison system. The inmate labor systems were: contract system, lease system, piece-price system, state- use system, public-account system and public works system. In contract system, labor was contracted out to private businesses through the prison. Work took place in the prisons, but supplies were provided by the private businesses. In lease system, inmates were taken out of the prison facility and leased out to a private contractor for the day. Piece-price system was similar to the contract system, but inmates produced products that were sold to private businesses. The state-use system had inmates producing products for state offices. The public-account system was a combination of contract, piece-price and state-use systems where inmates produced, managed and sold product s in the free market that was fully run by the prison. Finally, the public-works system had inmates working on roads, highways, cleaning public areas like parks, and restoring other building in the community under the supervision of prison officials. During this time, inmates produced furniture, clothing, cleaning products and other items. The Prison Industry Era was running quite smoothly and making a substantial profit until workers from society like mechanics complained that inmates were taking over their jobs and with cheaper labor. Workers could not compete with them and felt it was unfair. These protests lead to the Ashurst-Summers Act of 1935 where Federal legislation which specifically prohibited the interstate transportation and sale of prison goods where state laws forbade them. (Schmalleger, 2007). This limited the sale of inmate produced products. In conjunction with the Depression, the once profitable Prison Industry ended. The Prison Industries Era lasted for over 40 years and was followed by the Punitive Era. The focus moved back to an age of confinement where the prisoner was to be locked away for their crimes. During this time, larger maximum security facilities were built like Alcatraz. Prisoners who were released from these types of facilities did not receive any education, valuable skills or treatment. The rate of recidivism was high. Luckily, this type of prison systems only lasted about 10 years. The Treatment Era began in 1945. This era relied on treating the inmates like patients versus inmates. Based on a medical model where a therapeutic perspective on correctional treatment that applies the diagnostic perspective of medical science to the handling of criminal offenders. (Schmalleger, 2007) One-on-one therapy was introduced as well as group therapy helped to get an understanding of the emotional and psychological reasoning for crime. There were drawbacks of this era, too. Some inmates fought against being forced to participate in these programs. Prison guards were not properly trained in how the medical model functioned and were also not trained in how to handle the inmates. In 1967, the Community-based Era arrived. In this era, prisons were again faced with overcrowding and coming off of the medical model with the optimistic view that inmates could be rehabilitated. This time they would move them back into the communities where they had committed their crimes to serve their time. The belief was that inmates would not be able to fully rehabilitate in a prison setting. The halfway house was reintroduced and gave the inmates the opportunity to work and reside in the community while being watched at the same time. However, lack of programs caused the inmates to be returned to society the same as they were before committing their crimes. The U.S. watched as recidivism rates and prison populations soared as they entered into the Warehousing Era. Deterred by the crimes that were committed by those inmates who were on work-release or residing in a halfway house, the U.S. decided to limit the liberties that the inmates had once enjoyed. The Warehousing focused on imprisonment for inmates to remove them from society to avoid the possibility of further crimes being committed. In 1970, a new treatment model emerged call the nothing works doctrine which was popularized by Robert Martinson that correctional treatment programs have had little success in rehabilitating offenders. (Schmalleger, 2007). This doctrine helped to implement the mandatory minimum sentencing provision and truth-in sentencing requirements. Calls for truth-in sentencing occurred when the average inmate was serving one third of their time that was handed out by the judge at sentencing. Victims and other citizens were dismayed to learn that the full sentence was not being fulfilled. In the 1990s another popular law was developed called the three strikes and youre out in California and was soon adopted by many other states. The premise for the three strikes law is that if someone was to commit a felony three different times, then the only option was to sentence them to life in prison without the possibility of parole. This has also contributed to a dramatic increase in prison populations. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 1985 there were approximately 550,000 inmates in the U.S. prison and this figure jumped to 1,400,000 by 1995 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011) Opponents of this law argue that this law costs too much with the increased number of inmates, that it unfairly targets minority offenders, does not help to decrease crime and that not all who were convicted under the three strikes law were convicted of serious, violent crimes. Besides the sentencing guidelines, there was also a war on drugs that was taking place. Sentences for drug-related offenses became more severe and more of the sentence that was handed out by a judge was actually being served. The current era that we are in is the Just Desserts Era which started in 1995. Prisons had now become essentially warehouses for inmates who were receiving longer sentences for the same crime. Rehabilitation was not working, so the inmates are essentially being held. When we look at the past prison systems of the U.S., it is important to look at the goals that each of the systems advocated. Starting with the Penitentiary Era the focus was on rehabilitation and deterrence. The Quakers utilized their religious belief that time alone would lead a person to become remorseful for their actions. The Mass Prison system focused on deterrence as well as incapacitation. The Reformatory Era was focused on rehabilitation. The Industrial Era reverted back to incapacitation and restoration. The philosophy of retribution was strong in the Punitive Era. Not surprisingly, the Treatment Eras philosophy was on rehabilitation. In addition to rehabilitation, the Community-based Era also looked at restoration. The Warehousing Era looked at incapacitation. Finally, the Just Desserts Era looks at retribution, incapacitation and deterrence. The task before us is to find the right balance for todays society of rehabilitation, retribution and deterrence to decrease our pri son populations. One strategy to reduce or stop the increase in our prison populations comes from the sentencing phase. It is important to know the different goals of sentencing. They are: incapacitation, retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, vindication, and punishment. In incapacitation, the offender is sentenced to a prison with the goal of not allowing them to commit further crimes. In retribution, which was popular in the early ages of history, the goal is to seek revenge against the offender. An example of this is the eye for an eye mentality. Deterrence refers to stopping criminal behavior and there are two types: general and specific. General deterrence refers to the ability stop the criminal behavior by the public. An example, would be watching someone getting their hand cut off for stealing. The hope is that it serves a general deterrent to the public to not commit that crime as you have seen what happens to a person when they commit that crime. In specific deterrence refers to the offen der specifically in order to stop them from committing that crime again. Rehabilitation is means to change a persons behavior, so that they no longer commit criminal acts. Vindication refers to the making and enforcing of the law and punishment that goes along with a criminal act. Finally, punishment is the punishment of an offender fairly and equally. The consequences of the punishment for the offender are not taken into consideration. Currently, the determinate sentence law is used throughout the U.S. This started when the government and citizens gave up on the idea of rehabilitating prisoners. Its goals were to have a punishment in proportion to the crime and eliminate the disparity in the prison terms. There are three levels of a term that is ordered by a judge depending on the facts of the case. The terms are called: presumptive, aggravated and mitigated. Presumptive terms are the middle of the road terms. In an aggravated term, there may things that occurred that made the crime a little more severe when compared with similar crimes. In a mitigated term, the offender may have had a limited role in the crime or the crime was not as severe. Another caveat in determinate sentence law is that there is typically not any parole. Once the inmate has served their time, they are released automatically. Also, inmates may work to earn days off their sentence. Prior to 1970, the indeterminate sentencing law was used. This law felt that rehabilitating inmates was the number one priority. Known for parole which released inmates into the community after part of their time was served in prison, indeterminate sentence law failed in the successful rehabilitation of the inmate. In indeterminate sentence law, judges were handing out a minimum and maximum time for a sentence. Then a parole board would complete an annual review of the inmate to determine if they were ready for release. The process was not consistent which caused many to become upset with the unfairness. Another important factor to consider is what do we hope to achieve with those individuals who have proven that they are not able to follow the rules of society? If our goals come from retribution, then we are not looking at deterrence, reformation and economic considerations. We are only looking at public safety. If our goal is to rehabilitate, then will we risk public safety in releasing supposed rehabilitated inmates. While we have increased our prison capacity we have also increased our prison populations. We have now learned that we cannot hold all these inmates as our prison are becoming overcrowded which is unsafe for the prison guards and staff who run them as well as to the inmates who reside in them. One major contributor to the increasing population is the mandatory drug laws. It is not uncommon to find stories of inmates who received a mandatory minimum sentence for their minimal parts in drug offenses. According to Family Against Mandatory Minimums, there are many stories those affected by the strict sentencing laws that were created during the war on drugs. Here is one of them: Stephanie dated several men who were involved in selling drugs. At times, they would help Stephanie support her family. In exchange, she occasionally delivered and sold drugs and took messages for them. On October 26, 1993, police arrested Stephanie after she was found sitting on the front porch of a house next to a bag that contained cocaine residue. She confessed she had crack in her possession and surrendered it to the officers. She received probation. On November 10, several weeks after her arrest, police sent a confidential informant (CI) to make a controlled drug buy from Stephanie. On November 15, the CI purchased two crack rocks for $120. On December 8, the CI bought $40 worth of crack from Stephanie and several codefendants. After this final controlled buy, officers searched Stephanies residence and found four pieces of crack cocaine and drug paraphernalia. Stephanie was fined and sentenced to nine months in jail. Nearly three years later on August 16, 1996, police raided Stephanies residence after a CI reported that he had seen crack in the house.   Officers found 500 grams of powder cocaine and $13,710 in an attic safe belonging to Stephanies former boyfriend, Michael. In the master bedroom, police found utensils that tested positive for drug residue. Michael had the key to the safe, along with $797 in cash in his pants pocket. He confessed to police that the money, the cocaine and the paraphernalia belonged to him and that the $797 was from 500 grams of crack he had already sold. Later, Michael would testify that he paid Stephanie to let him reside and store crack at her house. At the time of her arrest, Stephanie had no cash, no bank account and owned no other property besides her car, valued at $2,500. She depended on food stamps and welfare to provide for her children. Stephanie went to trial. She was held accountable for 500 grams of powder cocaine found in the attic safe as well as 500 grams of crack that Michael said he sold.   Several of Stephanies codefendants who dealt drugs with Michael testified against her. Because of their uncorroborated testimony, Stephanie was held accountable for an additional 290 grams of crack, for a total of 1,290 grams (about 2.84 pounds). Stephanie received a sentence enhancement for obstruction of justice because she testified that she had no knowledge of and did not participate in Michaels drug activity.   Because of her 1993 drug offenses, Stephanie was categorized as a career criminal, an enhancement which mandates a life sentence. Despite his objections, Judge Roger Vinson was forced to sentence 26-year-old Stephanie to life in prison without parole.    At sentencing, Judge Vinson said to prosecutors: Theres no question that Ms. George deserved to be punished.   The only question is whether it should be a mandatory life sentence I wish I had another alternative. He told Stephanie, Even though you have been involved in drugs and drug dealing for a number of years your role has basically been as a girlfriend and bag holder and money holder.   So certainly, in my judgment, it doesnt warrant a life sentence. Stephanie received the longest sentence of any of her five codefendants. Over a decade ago, the young mother of three was led out of the courtroom quietly crying. She has now been incarcerated for over 14 years. Her children have grown up without her and her older relatives have aged and passed away. Stephanie has been a model prisoner, actively participating in vocational and educational training and working hard at her prison job. She has completed drug treatment and is sober. Unfortunately, the mandatory minimum life sentence prevents Stephanie from ever having another chance (Families Against Mandatory Minimums, 2011). Stories like Stephanies are not uncommon. Like the judge stated Stephanie needed to be punished for her actions, however it seemed extreme to be sentenced to life in prison for such a minimal role. In many of these cases, the person who was more invested in the illegal activities seems to get away with less time in prison as they were able to make deals with the prosecution. The reason that this occurs is that the person with the most information is in a better position to help prosecutors out and may bargain smaller time in prison for themselves while the person who may have had the smaller role is left holding the bag. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics from a report in 2009, crime rates have remained the same or decreased since 1994 in areas of rape, burglary, property crimes, robbery, motor vehicle theft, and homicide (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011) In contrast, the number of inmates in the corrections system which include probation, prison, jail or parole, has increased. The trend remains that prison populations are slowly increasing as well. In 2009, the FBIs Uniform Crime Report (UCR) reported a 1.9 percent decline in violent crimes and a 0.8 percent decline in property crimes reported in 2008. This drop in crime came at a time when the prison and jail growth rates fell from previous years (2008). This data shows that while crime rates were decreasing in contrast the incarceration rates had increased. There should also be guidelines when determining who should be sentenced to prison instead of community service orders. A person should be sentenced to prison or jail if any lesser punishment would depreciate the seriousness of the crime that was committed, imprisonment is needed in order to deter them from crime, and if the person has had other sanctions applied to them. The cost of building a new prison is rather staggering. The estimated cost to build a new prison is $250 million and another $45 million a year to run it. In todays economy, it would be unwise to not consider economical factors when debating the construction of new prisons. It is not a mystery that a majority of inmates that were sentenced to prison will one day be released back into society. It is important to remember that once a person has spent time in prison, the chances that he will return are quite high. In a two year time frame, it was found that 70% of inmates committed another offense and were returned to prison. Since we know that many of these offenders will be returning to society (some for a shorter amount of time than others), it is important to ensure that are prisons provide inmates with opportunities. One opportunity that is a win-win situation for all is prison industries. Federal Prison Industries (FPI) emerged during the Prison Industries Era, but was limited by the Ashurst Sanders Act. Today prison industries are in place making license plates, office furniture and other items. However, they are limited as to who they may sell things to. This seems to be a resource that is not fully appreciated. If we were to implement additional trades to provide inmates with some skill upon leaving the prison system, then they would be better able to make the transition into society. Many inmates have an 8th grade education. If they were appropriately trained, they would be able to pay compensation to the victim of their crime, assist in supporting their family while in prison and build confidence in knowing that they have a skill that would allow them to work on the outside. Some examples of valuable skills would be to teach welding skills, automotive skills, electrical skills, farming techniques and other technical skills. Also, the profit that the prison industry makes could go to costs of running the prison facilities, provide education to the inmates, and other rehabilitative programs. There are those that against the prison industries who say that the inmates are being paid unfair wages, however the inmate is currently being housed, fed and clothed which are huge expenditures by a citizen out in society. It appears to balance out. There are others who dont think that the skills being taught are not useful; however it is a skill that they did not have prior to arriving at prison. It also gives the inmate something to do while incarcerated. Boredom in a prison is not a good thing; it could lead to violence and riots. Lets look at some other solutions or alternatives to building additional prisons. It is clear that in order to avoid building new prisons, the inmate population will need to either decrease or remain the same. An alternative to imprisonment would be day fines. Day fines are successfully being collected in both Germany and Sweden. The day fine process has two steps. First, you need to consider the severity of the crime. For example, the more serious the crime the higher the fine will be. Second, you need to look at the income of the offender. Currently, in the U.S. day fines have not completely caught on. Many times, day fines are not enforced or collected. This is the result of fines handed out that a lower income person could not afford, so they dont put utilize resources in collecting them. The day fine could be used as a better deterrent for someone who is rich as they would feel it the same as a person who does not make as much. For example, if you get a $500 speeding ticket and you are someone like Paris Hilton that will not really deter you from speeding again. Now if the fine was raised to $50,000, it could deter you from speeding in the future. An idea that stirs up great controversy is the release of inmates prior to the term deemed by a judge. However, we should remember the war on drugs and many of the sentences set forth by the judge were mandated to the judge. There are many cases where judges at the sentencing stated their unhappiness with being bound to the sentence. Discretion should be given to judge when making sentences, so that the punishment is fitting to the crime. The judge is present at the trial and has access to the pre-sentence report. Having seen the full picture, the judge should be able to hand out the best sentence for the offender. The mandatory minimum sentence law should be replaced with flexible guidelines. We should also look at the idea that not all who are convicted of a crime should go to prison. There are other alternative besides sending someone to prison for committing crimes. These are often cheaper when compared with housing an inmate in a correctional facility. According to the state of Georgia, it costs $28,936 a year for a minimum security prison to house an inmate compared with $1,434 for an offender with intensive probation (FY2009 Costs of Adult Offender Sanctions, 2008). Community corrections is the when punishment involves more community supervision and activities and less confinement. Probation is one of the most commonly used sentences that are applied. There are two types: general and specific. General probation is just that, these are the rules that many offenders must abide by. They direct that the offender must obey all laws, stay within the jurisdiction of the courts, stay employed, allow access to their homes by a probation officer or police officer and not be i n the possession of a firearm. In specific probation, the judge may add specific limitations and rules that pertain specifically to that offender. For example, if the offense was drug-related perhaps mandate drug tests and rehabilitation programs in addition to the general probation guidelines. Intermediate sanctions or alternative sentencing strategies are sentencing alternatives that cover a variety of options. Split sentencing is usually completed in a jail versus a prison. Then there is shock probation where the offender is sentenced to prison, but serves only a short amount of time, they are then released with probation. The goal of this is to surprise the inmate with a shorter prison term. Shock incarceration has the offender in a boot camp like setting for about 90-180 days to shock the inmate into better behavior. It is more commonly used for young offenders and first time offenders. Community service is a common punishment where the offender must dedicate some of their time to a community organization. Some pick up trash on the side of the road or volunteer in soup kitchens; this is usually reserved for minor offenses. Home confinement is another alternative to prisons. This is beneficial as it allows the offender to remain in his community, has the ability to keep his employment, and with his family. They utilize an ankle bracelet which is equipped with GPS to know the location of the offender. This is easily monitored 24 hours a day. Some monitoring devices are able to detect alcohol in the offenders system which would be useful in settings where alcohol or drug use was forbidden. Today satellites assist with detecting the location of the offender. This technology is constantly evolving and is sure to develop some other useful tools in monitoring large amounts of offenders. These are also done at a lower cost compared with incarceration. The Irish System that was created by Sir Walter Crofton is a good basis for the parole system. Under this system, inmates would be able to demonstrate that they have changed their behavior and are ready to enter back into society. It would be a system where they would have to work to be able to move into the next level and are rewarded with additional freedoms. Communities would benefit from the free labor that they receive from inmates through their trash pick-up and the fixing of buildings that are in disrepair. The ticket of leave inmates could be monitored with ankle bracelets which posse

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) Essay -- Essays Papers

Immanuel Kant (1724 - 1804) Author of Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785). "The Enlightenment was a desire for human affairs to be guided by rationality than by faith, superstition, or revelation; a belief in the power of human reason to change society and liberate the individual from the restraints of custom or arbitrary authority; all backed up by a world view increasingly validated by science rather than by religion or tradition." (Outram 1995) In the eighteenth century, people started questioning the authority and knowledge of the church. New ideas placing human reason over faith and blind obedience began arising. This period in history is known as the Enlightenment. It is a movement, still in progress, for individual people to reach and hopefully grasp their highest potential. It began with the writings of philosophers such as Voltaire (1694-1778) and Charles-Louis Montesquieu (1689-1755). The second wave included Denis Diderot (1713-78), d'Alembert (1714-80), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78), and the final stretch came from thinkers such as Lessing and Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). All three eras emphasized intellectual reason over faith and put more reliance on scientific discoveries and revelations. However, the people in the third part, especially Immanuel Kant, having the benefit of hindsight, are able to encompass the movement from faith to reason in their writings. The basic details of Kant's biographic life take very little space. He was born in 1724 in Konigsberg, the capital of East Prussia and one of Frederick the Great's garrison towns. Kant knew what it was like to live as a peasant, since he came from a peasant family. His father was a harness maker. From an early age, Kant showed much intellectual potential and his local fame gained him admittance into a school called the Collegium Fredericianum, an institution run by Pietists. "Pietism was an eighteenth century fundamentalist movement within German Protestantism", also followed by his parents, "that minimized the authority of the church and stressed individual moral conduct (Sullivan 1994)." Then, he attended the University of Konigsberg, also staffed mainly by Pietists. The influence of this religious background is reflected in Kant's beliefs in the existence of God, in the dignity of each person, and in a universal moral code. Kant spen... ...e believes that it is still going on. The time of Enlightenment is not over yet we still presently are in it today. He says: "If it is asked now whether we live at present in an Enlightened age, the answer is: No, but we do live in an age of Enlightenment (Velkley 1989)." Immanuel Kant Links: University of Arkansas Link: University of Arkansas Link Kant Homepage Link: Kant Homepage Works Cited - Acton, H.B., Kant's Moral Philosophy, published by: Macmillan and Co., Copyright 1970. - Buchdahl, Gerd, Kant and the Dynamics of Reason, published by: Blackwell Publishers, Copyright 1992. - Deleuze, Gilles, Kant's Critical Philosophy, published by: The University of Minnesota Press, Copyright 1983. - Sullivan, Roger J., An Introduction to Kant's Ethics, published by: Cambridge University Press, Copyright 1994. - Velkley, Richard L., Freedom and the End of Reason, published by: The University of Chicago, Copyright 1989. - Wood, Allen W., Kant's Rational Theology, published by: Cornell University Press, Copyright 1978.

US History :: American History

In 1828 Andrew Jackson was elected as President, as a favorite among the United States many view him as the Hero of New Orleans. He is to many the epitome of a gentleman and that he embodies the ideals of many Americans. He views himself as the President of all the people and likes the idea of having those who worked for the government to depend on him. Jackson however, was ignorant to many of the fields that would have been beneficial to him and the United States had he not been so unwilling to accept advice from experts. His lack of knowledge of the banking system was evident; however, he had Nicholas Biddle to thank for keeping the system afloat. Biddle brilliantly maintained the Bank of the United States which in turn ensured that many financial institutions were able to maintain their efficiency. Despite Jackson's efforts to destroy the bank because of the monopoly it allowed, this short-lived veto was reversed. Biddle's efficient means of running the bank ensured a stab le economy for the United States. Jefferson continues to lose favor among Americans because of his tyrannical style of leadership. The creation of the Whig party, led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, demonstrates the patriotic dislike held by many Americans. They aimed to influence President Jefferson and the Jacksonians to face and approach economic problems form a broad national perspective. Unfortunately there was no dominant leader who was able to achieve this goal. Society continues to change and the population within the United States continues to grow. From the span of 1790 to the 1850s the population increased from 3.9 million people to a little over 23 million people. Cities continued to grow and new towns continued to emerge causing an increase in farms and factories. This increase in population and town size was more prevalent in the Northeast in comparison to the South. The South saw its primary growth in Mobile, Charleston, Savannah, and Baltimore. During the Second Great Awakening revivals led by Charles Grandison Finney were being held in towns along the Erie Canal from 1826 to 1831 where he preached that his listeners should take their salvation into their own hands. The abolition of slavery was in the forefront by the 1820s however, there were not many supporters because many felt it could only be abolished through a revolution.

Literary Analysis: The Omnivore’s Dilemma Essay

In Michael Pollan’s, The Omnivores Dilemma everything we eat is somehow derived from corn. Dating back to the day of the Mayans when they were sometimes referred to as â€Å"the corn people† (Pollan 19). Pollan takes us back to the â€Å"beginning† of the industrial food chain. In The Omnivores Dilemma historical context, ideology, and setting do not do the reader justice in opening their eyes to the harsh reality that without the corn industry eating as we know it today would cease to exist. The use of historical context in The Omnivores Dilemma insufficiently details the actual origin of corn. Per Pollan’s writing he explains that â€Å"Squanto taught the Pilgrims to plant maize in 1621†¦.. † (Pollan 25), but the existence of corn dates way back much further than 1621. In a 1948 excavation of Bat Cave, New Mexico by then student of anthropology at Harvard University, Herbert W. Dick found small cobs of corn at the bottom of Bat Caves floor which were estimated to contain maize that had their beginning no later than 2000 B. C. (Mangelsdorf 148). Many different types of test have been used to determine how old the corn plant is, but only with solid evidence provided by archeologists has there been any real way to argue the actual evolution of corn. It is more than evident having conducted my own research about the origin and historical context of corn that Pollan merely â€Å"touched† on the subject matter of, where corn came from. In this day and age with many households having both the husband and wife, or single parent households, or just because of mere laziness, society as a whole doesn’t put as much thought into what we consume as they use to. For the most part what we consume is what is most convenient at the time we are hungry, but little do most of us know what it really is that we are eating†¦.. corn. As Pollan so bluntly states, â€Å"†¦. At the end of the food chain (which is to say at the beginning), I invariably found myself in almost exactly the same place: a farm field in the American corn belt† (Pollan 18) Practically everything we eat has corn in it or has been fed corn, and has been chemically altered before it reaches us. Everything from yogurt, chicken mcnuggets, and even beef contain corn of some form. Per one article, â€Å"Pollan wants us to know what it is we’re eating, where it came from, and how it got to our table†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Wall Street Journal), only that even after having read The Omnivores Dilemma I still had questions, questions Pollan failed to address in his book. The only remotely interesting part of Pollan’s book is the setting; various corn farms. Though interesting it still insufficiently addressed many facts. In my opinion it would have been appropriate to add that in the U. S. alone there are over 400,000 corn farms and that the U. S. s the largest corn producer in the world, producing 32 percent of the world’s corn in the year 2010 ( www. ncga. com www. epa. gov). According to the National Corn Growers Association a good 80 percent of corn grown is eaten by both domestic and overseas livestock, poultry, and even fish. Also according to the NCGA Americans eat 25 pounds of corn a year. (www. ncga. com). Pollan details how corn travels â€Å"About a fifth of the corn river flowing out from the elevators at the Iowa Farmer’s Cooperative travels to a milling plant†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pollan 86), but epically fails of informing us of the â€Å"bigger picture†. In conclusion, I found that by simply doing a little research on my own in the library or by searching online, not only could I find a wide range of actually interesting information on the ever so popular corn industry, but I wouldn’t fall asleep doing so as I did on more than one occasion trying to read The Omnivores Dilemma. The Omnivores Dilemma is not a book I personally would ever read again. Nor would I recommend it.

Isolation in “Lord of the Flies” and “Heart of Darkness” Essay

This is an awsome essay! Feel free to use it. Great comparison of books, excellent work. novels. Throughout Lord of the Flies and Heart of Darkness the importance of restraint is greatly stressed. This being the restraint to remain human and maintain sanity. In Heart of Darkness, Marlow was able to remain his restriant despite how difficult it was for him. He was always surrounded by cannibals and constant chaos. On the other hand, Kurtz was unable to keep his restriant, as a result he lost his humanity and sanity, and eventually died because of it. In Lord of the Flies, Ralph is able to restrain restrain, and he therefore remains human. He found it difficult though, because there was only one other person who was able to do the same- Piggy. Ralph was determined to maintain order, and he was very alone because of it. Jack on the other hand, gave in to the temptationof simply hunting and playing, and lost his humanity in the process. He became a savage – not a human being, but a savage with a painted body and strange barbaric ways. In contrast, the cannibals in Heart of Darkness, (who are starving) could have easily had many satisfying meals. After all, they outnumbered the whites thirty to five, but they still had necessary restraint to refrain from savagely feasting on some of the easily accessible seamen. Towards the end of the novel, Marlow becomes becomes very close to losing his sanity, but also has the necessary restraint to maintain it. He confuses the beat of a drum (the call to man’s primative side) with his own heartbeat, but is still able to restrain from slipping over the edge as Kurt did. Ralph in Lord of the Flies is constantly faced with temptation to join Jack and all of the other boys, especially when Piggy dies and he is all alone. This makes it even more difficult to restrain from giving in to Jack and his animalistic tribe. Therefore, it is evident how important restrain is in t hese two novels. The ability to do so may be the difference between life and death, and the one who can restrain himself teh most is the one who prevails in the end. In conclusion, it is evident that the authors of these two novels wrote about their own life experiences because they were able to draw emotion form things that actually haopened to them. Also, through Lord of the Flies and Heart of Darkness, Golding and Conrad were able to express the isolation that some of the characters were forced to endure, and the importance of restraint in dealing with one’s humanity. These compelling novels leave the reader with two possible questions. Would I be able to cope with the intense isolation? And, do I have the necessary restriant to maintain the humanity which so many people take for granted? finally, the reader would be left with a better understanding of the darkness, which Golding and Conrad believed, each and every one of us possess somewhere, deep down inside.

Microsoft Environment Analysis Essay

Abstract Windows of Vulnerability is defined as the ability to attack something that is at risk. Hackers search and pride themselves on finding vulnerabilities or creating their own within a system. A few examples of vulnerabilities that will be covered in this paper are CodeRed, Spida, Slammer, Lovesan, and Sasser. The worm named Code Red was observed on the internet on July 13, 2001. Computers running Microsoft IIS web server were attacked with this worm. Code Red worm did not infect the largest amount of computers until July 19, 2001 with 359,000 hosts being infected. The worm would spread itself in a vulnerability known as a buffer overflow. It would do this by using a long string of the repetition of the letter â€Å"N† to overflow a buffer. Spida worm infects via Microsoft SQL installations with administrator accounts that have no passwords defined. Microsoft recommends the â€Å"sa† account be set upon installation but many servers are not properly secured after installat ion. The main purpose of the Spida worm is to export an infected server’s Sam password database. SQL Slammer worm caused a denial of service on Internet host and slowed down general internet traffic. On January 25, 2003 it spread rapidly and infected 75,000 victims in ten minutes. The worm exploited the buffer overflow and would generate random IP addresses, send itself out to those addresses. If one of those addresses happens to belong to a host that is running an unpatched copy of Microsoft SQL Server Resolution Service, the host becomes infected and sprays the Internet with more copies of the worm. Lovesan worm A.K.A. MSBlast or Blaster Worm was a worm that spread to computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. The worm spread using a buffer overflow. This allowed the worm to spreads without the users opening attachments simply by spamming itself. The worm would display a two messages reading â€Å"I just want to say LOVE YOU SAN!!Soo much.† This message gave the worm the name Lovesan; the second message read â€Å"Billy Gates why do you make this possible ? Stop making money and fix your software!!†. Sasser worm affects computers running Microsoft operating systems Windows XP and Windows 2000. Sasser spreads through a vulnerable network port. It is particularly easy to spread without user intervention but is also easily stopped by a  properly configured firewall. The worm received the name Sasser because it would spread through a buffer overflow in the component known as LSASS(Local Security Authority Subsystem). References Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Code Red (computer worm) – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Red_(computer_worm) IBM X-Force: Ahead of the Threat – Resources. advise118 . Retrieved from http://www.iss.net/threats/advise118.html Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. SQL Slammer – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_Slammer Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Blaster (computer worm) – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaster_(computer_worm) Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sasser (computer worm) – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasser_(computer_worm)

Desert Solitaire: a Season in the Wilderness

The author of the book Desert Solitaire, Edward Abbey, talked frequently throughout the book about the beauty of nature and ways that human beings are destroying the natural beauty of the world we live in. The way abbey views nature is in a way that is best experienced by actually being out in nature, taking a hike, horseback riding, or bicycling. He believes that people who use the luxury of their cars on camping trip will not get to experience everything that nature has to offer. Abbey sees the beauty of the natural world in a way that most human beings are unable to because they do not spend time exploring nature.From the very beginning of the book Abbey shows his love for nature and all his creatures when he befriends and gopher snake. Or when he was is in awe of the old moon-eyed horse’s wild manner, independence, and beauty. To stand by his love for nature he says â€Å"I prefer not to kill animals. I’m a humanist; I’d rather kill a man than a snake. † (pg. 20) Abbey believes that humans are destroying the beauty and wonder of nature and he is upset when he finds out they are planning to build a major road through Arches National Park.Abbey believes industrial tourism is becoming a bigger problem to all national parks. In abbey’s opinion he thinks motor vehicles should be prohibited on the grounds of any national monument. â€Å" we have agreed not to drive our automobiles into cathedrals, to concert halls, art museums†¦we should treat our national parks with the same deference, for they, too, are holy places† (pg. 65). Abbey believes that the only way to truly experience the beauty of nature is to walk through, bike ride through, or horseback ride through.As said before abbey is a humanist and has not sympathy for the elderly who travel to national parks for vacations, he says they â€Å"had the opportunity to see the country when it was still relatively unspoiled† (pg. 67). He also has no sympathy fo r children who are â€Å"too small to ride bicycles and too heavy to be borne on their parents’ backs. † (pg. 67) Abbey is able to see nature in a way that most people cannot. Most humans tend to overlook the little things, but abbey will see the beauty in it.Many people think rocks are dirty and ugly but abbey finds beauty in just their names, â€Å"the very names lovely – chalcedony, carnelian, jasper†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 74). While looking at the Delicate Arch most people would see it as just a big arch made out of rocks. But to abbey it is so much more than that. He compares it to â€Å"eroded remnant of a sandstone fin, a giant engagement ring cemented in rock, a bow legged pair of petrified cowboy chaps†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 44). Some people who view the Delicate Arch will find God while exploring, others will â€Å"†¦see only Lyell and the uniformity of nature† (pg. 5). To abbey the Delicate Arch and other objects of nature â€Å"remind us that out there is a different world, older and greater and deeper by far than ours†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 45) Even though nature is beautiful, calm, and serene it also has another side that is harsh, violent, and cruel. Abbey experiences this side of nature with blazing heat, sand storms, and a flash flood.When he find a dead tourist underneath a tree, which shows just how cruel the desert can be. But according to abbey the man was fortunate to have died the way he did, he envies him. To die in the open under the sky†¦before this desert vastness opening like a window onto eternity – surely that was an overwhelming stroke of rare good luck† (pg. 267). For abbey to envy the man for dying that way is another example of his love for nature. Most people would look at that situation as sad and unfortunate, but abbey sees the beauty and peace in it. Abbey also experiences the cruelness of nature when he himself is forced to spend the night alone in Havasu. Mother Nature can be a v ery cruel and evil woman who does not have sympathy for anyone.If a person is unfortunate enough to see this side of Mother Nature it can only lead to a sad ending. â€Å"Fatal. Death by starvation, slow and tedious. † (pg. 253) While most people have comes to enjoy the luxury and comfort of an industrialized society, Abbey has chosen to live the life opposite of luxurious and easy. He would rather rough it out in the desert than big in an air conditioned office. Abbey has experienced nature in a way most people will never have the opportunity to. He sees the world for what it was mean to be, all nature, nothing else.

80’s Celebs and Fashion Icons

The eighties produced some of the most influential men and women in fashion being Madonna, Princess Diana, Cyndi Lauper, Debbie Harry, and Michael Jackson. Like never before, musicians became fashion icons and trendsetters. The eighties were known for sex appeal for both men and women. For the men, tanned chests and open collars were in due to the influence of Miami Vice. The young women of the eighties were seen in leg warmers, mini skirts, off the shoulder blouses, chunky jewelry, acid washed jeans, and lace gloves. Princess Diana’s love for fashion and elegant style set a trend for women all across the world.Diana gained media coverage daily to people all across the world. She was chased by the press for her up-to-the-minute look. Brand labels often produced copies of her latest look which flew off the shelves. People ages thirty five to forty five looked at Diana as their fashion frontrunner. Princes Diana supported many designers including Catherine Walker, Arabella Polle n, and David Emmanuel. Diana’s wedding dress was designed by David Emmanuel in 1981. The dress had very large puffed sleeves, a full skirt, 10,000 pearls and sequins, and a twenty five foot train.The style and design of this dress set a trend for brides in the eighties. Madonna was a fashion icon that appealed to young women of the eighties. Her outrageous outfits caused controversy and resulted in young girls wanting to experiment with their looks. Madonna’s transformation of looks made her stand out throughout the decade. Madonna was considered the ‘it’ girl of the 80’s. Madonna created many trends which some are still seen today including miniskirts, teased hair, lacy stockings, leg warmers, and chunky jewelry as well as cross pendants.Madonna also brought fingerless gloves into fashion in the eighties. She made fingerless gloves look hip, stylish, and sexy. Cyndi Lauper created her own unique style which was influenced by the punk rock look. Cyn di Lauper was known for her sense of color and outrageous hair styles. She often wore bright, colorful makeup including eye liner on both top and bottom of the eyes. Her hair style was short on one side and often had different, bright colors in it that changed on a regular basis. Her fashion sense didn’t follow any rules.She incorporated as many colors as possible in her fashion in order to not fade in the background. She wore a lot of accessories such as bangle bracelets and beaded necklace. This fit into the eighties over accessorized theme. She was all about having fun and mixing and matching various pieces of clothing that usually wouldn’t be worn together but Cyndi made it work. She was able to influence the way her fans dressed when music videos became visible. Since gaining recognition as a member of the Jackson Five in the 70’s when Michael Jackson went solo in the 80’s his fans went wild.One of the ways Michael Jackson was able to successfully pr oclaim himself as the â€Å"king of pop† was by dressing like a king. His skin tight leather outfits, shiny black shoes, and sparkle glove, along with his mullet hair style is still a look that is known to belong to Michael Jackson. Fedora hats were also made popular through the use of Michael Jackson. One of the key elements that added to his leather jackets was how Michael Jackson wore the leather jackets. He made the jackets not just look like show pieces, he made them look comfortable. He rolled up the sleeves, owning the look.He also did this with his tuxedo jackets, rolling up the sleeves. Some celebrities today continue to follow this look by pulling up the sleeves to their jackets such as Kanye West. Debbie Harry quickly became a punk icon. She was known for incorporating humor with the seriousness of fashion. Debbie Harry also known as â€Å"Blondie† was recognized for her bold outrageous prints, painted on denim, high heels. Harry combined the cutting edge, b old rocker style with the glamour of Hollywood. She remained very popular throughout the decade of the eighties.Fashions of the eighties will be remembered as bold, bright, and bodacious. Fashion became a part of many celebrities image and helped each of them to set themselves apart from everyone else. Many trends set by celebrities and fashion icons became standard way of how people dressed in the eighties. The decade of the eighties was all about finding individual identity and expressing yourself. Many ideas adapted in the eighties still lives on today. American designers such as Donna Karan emerged in the eighties. Donna Karan started out as the head designer for Anne Klein but left the company in 1984 to form her own company.Donna Karan is known for her contribution in fashion in the eighties for the bodysuit and also her â€Å"Seven Easy Pieces† collection. The bodysuit was known as â€Å"the body†. It was made out of a jersey material and designed like a leotard . This one piece design gave women a smooth silhouette. The Seven Easy Pieces collection consisted on interchangeable coordinates that could be worn daily and also could be mixed and matched. Since during this time period women were starting to climb the corporate ladder and trying to break the glass ceiling, power dressing was in.People were looking for functional clothing, yet elegant, and simple in either black, grey, or white. Donna Karan designed a line of women’s power clothing including work suits which became extremely successful. She became known as â€Å"The Queen of Seventh Avenue†. Karan insisted that she only designs clothing that she would wear herself. She is known for supporting the needs of modern women. In 1988 Donna Karan extended her women’s signature collection to a less expensive line for younger women called DKNY. The line was so successful that Karan became known as the first designer to establish a bridge collection.She then launched DKN Y Jeans, a men’s line, and also a children’s line, and line of beauty products. All of the branches of her collection were very successful. Famous clients include Demi Moore, Bill Clinton, and Barbra Streisand. Years later Donna Karan is still respected as one of the world’s most talented designers. Donna Karan made her mark in fashion and continues to do so today. Recently Karan has gained negative press due to her use of fur in her designs. Animal rights groups demand people boycott her line until she no longer uses fur. Work Cited Kettleson, Casey. 2010, january 6). Styled on icon: debbie harry. Retrieved from http://www. styledon. com/culture/styledon-icon/articles/styledon-icon-debbie-harry Marini, Stephanie. (n. d. ). 80's style icons. Retrieved from www. askbronny. com Donna karan fashion deisgner. (n. d. ). Retrieved from www. infomat. com Nellis, Cynthia. (n. d. ). Design byte. Retrieved from www. about. com Whitley, P. (2008). 1980-1989. American Cultu ral History. Lone Star College-    Kingwood Library, Kingwood, TX. Retrieved from http://wwwappskc. lonestar. edu/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  popculture/decade80. html

Performance Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Performance Evaluation - Essay Example The number of professionally designed and well managed infrastructure within towns and cities of Emirates can be used as an indicator of developed infrastructure. Such urban environments will boast of superlative traffic and transport systems. Another indicator will be if Urban Planning Council meets the housing requirements. The housing requirement should have proper settlement patterns across the urban areas. On the sustainability of the environment, it is measured on how well the organization has protected the natural environment of desert and coastal ecosystem. It is measured on whether it has been able to protect Emirates rare deserts and unique ecology. Evaluating the performance of the social and human resources development involve the use of indicators such as growth, size and structure of population of the state can be considered. Further, education and illiteracy levels of the workforce are considered in relation to their education infrastructure. Urban Planning Council as an organization should use this indicator factor the number of educational institutions in relation to population growth, education and illiteracy levels. This helps determine the number and levels of educational institutions that need to be built within a given duration of time. Availability of educational institutions will enable an adequate supply of professional and well trained workforce in the future. An increase in per capita income indicates an economic growth and development of any given country. Another indicator that maybe used by the organization is the human development index where facts such as education, income for decent living and life expectancy are considered. In relation to the above economic indicators, the organization enough guidelines and framework of new projects are approved to enable its citizens work and live within healthy immediacy. This helps her populace earn a substantial

Customer Satisfaction and Market Segmentation of Mass Transit Railway Dissertation

Customer Satisfaction and Market Segmentation of Mass Transit Railway (MTR) Corporation Limited - Dissertation Example The research has played an important role in highlighting the importance and need of customer satisfaction in the success and growth of the organsiation. The researcher had always an interest in understanding the dynamics of marketing and strategic management and the research offered an opportunity to learn different intricacies of the subject matter. While conducting the research, there were moments when the whole idea of achieving the proposed aim and objectives was looking far away. However, with due support of professors, friends and family, there was a new way that helped in gaining confidence of learning new things. It was really nice to interact with a number of people and analysing their views and opinions on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is an abstract concept that requires thorough understanding of the nature and preference of customers. The researcher learnt a lot by analysing the views and opinions of customers that were very similar to the literature. An u nderstanding over the different facets of the research allowed the researcher to look things from different angles and perspectives and this learning has been pretty useful that can be incorporated in the personal and professional life. Every research is a kind of journey that adds great value. The researcher has been lucky enough to learn patience, understanding and analysis of things and opinions from different perspectives and angles. ... NT Knowledge is in the end based on acknowledgement- Ludwig Wittgenstein Every research starts with a general idea that gets depth and value with the support and guidance of others. Knowledge is doubled when share and supported in a compassionate manner. The researcher would like to thank his supervisor†¦ for his kind support and positive motivation that helped in achieving the proposed aim and objectives of the research. His continuous guidance created good amount of interest that has been reflected in the research. The researcher would also like to thank his professor†¦ for offering him key insights over the subject matter. Without his guidance and efforts, things would have been a bit different in terms of results and outcomes. The researcher would like to appreciate the management of the University that allowed him to access library and other electronic sources that helped in gaining knowledge over the subject matter. More importantly, this created a positive response f rom the researcher side in terms of delivering the goods in an expected manner. The role of family in supporting the research cause has been immense and without their support and motivation; things would have not shaped in a desired manner. Their understanding and constant support allowed the researcher to add continuous value to the research topic. The researcher would also like to thank his friends for sharing their ideas and views over the research topic that helped in developing multiple perspectives. Overall, a deep gratitude to everyone who made this research journey a successful one. The researcher would like to thank everyone for their direct and indirect support and dedicate the entire effort to their support and motivation. Their presence and guidance helped in identifying various issues