Battle of Thermopylae Essay Example for Free

Battle of Thermopylae Essay300 is a fictionalized depiction of the 460 B. C. Battle of Thermopylae. Adapted from Frank Millers written novel 300, director Zack Snyder evidently aimed for this cinematic spectacle as historical as the life-threatenings glory. Led by King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), the 300 best Spartan soldiers fought to death against the Persian King Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) campaign of ruling the world of men, save the last one named Dilios (David Wenham) who lived to proclaim the glory of the 300 and of course, recount the story from the get of King Leonidas to the rigors of a Spartan soldiers life. Through this narrative technique, we are brought to the world of grotesque-faced warriors, beautiful and cursed oracles, sex orgy, 460 B. C. political evil and vast fantastical beasts that made the whole word-painting an action historical fantasy instead of a classroom historical documentary. Created by CGI visual effects technology, the movie is an image duplicat ion of the original comic book.The unworldly creatures came to life, a mere number of casts looked a hundred thousand or so, the amazing panoramic vileness clouds added much drama to the dark scenes and the rain of gores and blood were clearly meant for action suckers rather than the sandal supporters. Indeed, human slaughter never looked so pretty. But you do non need to be a comic book or a computer animation fan to admire this cinematic landmark. The cinematography is what grabs your attention in a different way as Gladiator or Lord of the Rings or Troy ever did.Although I have to add that incorpo evaluation slightly of the said movies best shots like the Gladiators sunny wheat field scene, the olliphant-like creatures from LotR and the birds eye view battalion shots from Troy, gave us several(prenominal) moments sort of deja vu merely over-all, Snyder did his homework pretty well in making this 460 B. C bout unbelievably believable. From the angles to the color schemes, th e 300 movie looked like a technically polished storyboard. Every frame is beautiful and every panel is a cinematic feast.Unlike the technically benchmarking combat between Hector and Achilles in Troy, the combats in 300 are taken NOT from a vantage point of a spectator, further from an eye level of somebody who belongs in the battle somebody who moves in the battle. Filled with slow motion shots, the frame almost freezes to give a further zoom of the amazing sequences. The effect? Well, the audience were brought face to face to the thrill of the Battle of Thermopylae than they could ever imagine. The way the film flowed gave us a comic book feel to almost every scene but freed us from the eye supportdy gloss of the comic book.The chained giant Persians, the leprosy looking elders and warriors, the outrageously choreographed combats and the spear-causing blood showers looked wildly more spectacular than what paint brushes or video game film-making could ever do. The irony of the s pecial effects impact on creating a scene of the past while setting a cinematic future gained 300 its wider acceptance. The incredible visuals were bloody mad and ferocious, which is exactly what that era is all about and what our era tries to relive, technically. We know how this is made. Shots were indoors against a blue imbue and the backgrounds were added using CGI techniques.(Movie buffs get the hang of this technique after Twilight produced an exclusive documentary of the CGI behind their movie). Lacking of an all star casts and expensive shooting locations, we can say that the movies visual effects stole the spotlight. Even Gerard Butlers commanding voice will not be given over that much awe without the tiny acoustic touch. However, the visual techniques which so prodigiously employed didnt just become the movies success but as well the movies failing. Having it overpower the substance made critics less indulged and more complaining.Many said that whatever the movie tremend ously have in style, it lacks in human emotions and thus fall short in portraying the historical Battle of Thermopylae as a human history, not an epic from other world. Save Queen Gorgos (Lena Headey) shot to rally support for her husband, all those battle speeches sounded vain for lacking frame supports. But then again, the R rating could well make us understand that its the bloody, violent stunts that made us pay for the two-hour beautifully-generated tortures. To quote King Leonidas, a new age has come, a new freedom I guess, we just have to embrace it.

Co-curricular Essay Example for Free

Co-curricular EssayCo-curricular is one of the activities being neglected in most schools in the past years. Our school being one of them had for vast been emphasizing heavily in class work. By doing this, we could not sympathize our talents which are very basic in making us whole. Activity carried on 4th March last-term made each member of this school to change his or her mind. We witnessed how students have wonderful talents.Our school was among the top competing school in sports activities in this region. Sports has been one of the activity in school that that the administration has been overlooking. The school noted the need to change our strategies and came up with plans which will give students a chance to realize their talents. The school used to conduct classes from eight in the morning to four in the evening.After this, students moved to evening group discussions and thereafter they went back over again to their classes for evening preps. These activities made us bus y throughout the day before retiring to bed. The school has come up with a strategy that will suss out that students are trained both in class and in the co-curricular activities especially in sports. The Schools schedule is nowadays flexible, as it will now allow students to get involved in these sports activities.Thanks to the students who participated in this event because due to their enthusiasm, passion and spirit in sports the administration made a cognizant consideration and made sure that it has allocated time for these activities. I am grateful for this action as it will serve as an example to other schooling institutions. Sincerely, References Cooperating School Districts. (2010). Programs and Services Communications Crisis communication-Letters Assistance. Retrieved on 9 July 2010 from http//www. csd. org/vnews/display. v/ART/44abd0116f2d7

Life In Relation To Play Our Town English Literature Essay

Life In Relation To Play Our town English Literature EssayThe play Our town focuses on the day to day life of the American family referring to the intimacy in the personal lives of individuals. It starts with the lifes daily r pop outine and practices that are a necessity. Stage motorcoach, who happens to be Our Town narrator, goes into each distinct detail outlining the themes, plot and the use of symbols and motifs to put in to a greater extent emphasis on the idea behind the play. The representation of the deepest aspects of life is provided echoed through with(predicate) George Gibbs and Emily Webb as their wedding is being celebrated in Act 2. Our Town have gots an attempt to analyse the life in the England New town in the twentieth century, and effects of change in the towns life through industrialization and immigration as show in the mention of Polish Town, in relative to the present life.In wilders conquest to explore the theme of Transience of benignant life from th e day to day perspective, he analyses the stability of the effects of traditions and the steadfast reassurance of our subjective environment (James 76). The lives of individuals are taking a transience course in Our Town. This is greatly influenced by how first time passes. It is noted that time seems to pass exceedingly first for the characters in the play without their realization.Human beings are brought out in the light of being powerless in possessing the ability to control the advancement in time. It is more difficult to understand the nature of human beings in the quest of appreciating how precious transience of life is dominant. In act 1, mainly referred to as everyday Life by the Stage Manager, gives more evidence of the enormousness and value of the daily routine activities in the life of the people. Wilder gives more important entailment to simple acts, which are taken with less attentiveness by the characters as paramount time frame activities. These everyday activ ities include having breakfast and feeding the chicken. These realize in the effectiveness of the stage setting in Gibbs and Webbs home set up. Both families are entailed with the responsibility to prepare their children to go to school. Howie Newsome, the local milk man is seen to make appearance in the morning scene throughout the play. This is a direct attribution to everyones daily life, then and at present. This echoes the aspect outlining continuity of life in the Grovers shoetree and in telling to general experiences of human being.The congregational seen in the church during a choir practise session, results into a discussion between Mrs Gibbs, Mrs Webb, Mrs Soames around Simon Stimson who happens to be the renown church organist, with a character of alcoholism. His perceived non conformity nature has made him the subject of gossips in the town. Emily and George come back from school in the evening. George is obligated to seat down and concentrate in the large work load in his schoolwork. On the early(a) hand Emily is elevated as the stovepipe student, through her recent performance in her class. The two youths make an arrangement for Emily to provide assistance to George in his academic work.This begins in the afterwardnoon when the school breaks off. George Gibbs and Emily Webbs fitting outside Emilys house gate. The first insight of a romantic affair between the two youths can be clearly seen. Subsequent parleys between Emily and her induce put more emphasis in this aspect of affection in her family with George. The singing of the choir at the orchestra pit, during the choir practise session, seems to allude to the conversation going on between George and Emily at the open windows. When George returns home, he sits at the window with his Sister Rebecca looking outside. Rebecca has a mental confusion about the Grovers Corner position in relation to the universe and its vastness. She shares her idea with George out lining her believe that all these are contained in the powers of a supreme God.When night waterfall Mrs Gibbs fall into a discussion with her husband. She tells her husband that the drinking behaviour of the organist is the worst to be ever witnessed in the town. The commonplaces and activities dwelled on in act 1 puts more emphasis on the rebirth, dawn and commencement of youthful love between Emily and George, and are presumed to end up into marriage. The major significance and clarity of the minor aspects in the inclusive scenes of Act one, are mainly depicted from the predictable and trivial activities that follow each other. Wilder says that, the majority of people tend to live through the first part of their lives without considering, the priceless value of their consequent encounters in their everyday actions. This could be greeting people they meet, pursuing an education, and having breakfast with other members of the family. This first scene demonstrates the connection among people through humanit y. Daily life being the important subject that has been addressed, stereotypes the character of an average family in America.Act two, is focused on George and Emily wedding. This happens after three years. In an attempt to see her fianc at their home, he is denied the chance by Emilys parents saying that it is a taboo and bad lack to see the bride to be before the material wedding day. Mrs Webb then goes upstairs to ensure that Emily does not come down to meet George. George remains with his future puzzle in-law Mr Webb. They postponement a seemingly awkward discussion about marriage, and the qualities that make up a husband who will be virtuous. Mr Webb tells George of the advice that he was given by his father concerning marriage. Webbs father had told him to treat his wife as his own property, and never to allow himself to oblige or respect the needs of his wife. Webb says, he resolved to doing exactly the foe of that advice and for sure he has lived happily ever since. In co nclusion Mr Webb tells George not to follow the advice from anybody but formulate his own ways of living with his wife amicably.The importance of companionship is another theme that has been emphasised by Wilder. He suggests that, love is meant to be the highest level of creativity for human beings to gain their desired achievements, in relation to the advancement in time factor. As a matter of fact, birth and death are inevitable in an individuals life. However the middle stage joining birth and death is of most importance. This is the desire for friendship, love and consequently, companionship. Human beings have been given the potential to control this aspect of a persons life. The inhabitants of the Grovers Corner take satisfactory time from their other activities, to ensure that they build connections with one another. This could be either through the ideal chat, shown by the milkman and the small conversations among the neighbours. The most out spoken relationship is that bet ween George and Emily involving romance, followed by courtship that resulted into marriage. This is established as the second stage in the cycle of everyday life in the town. It is where people grow up and develops, then marries one another. This second act is dominated by love and resultant marriage, which is a phenomenon that is natural and move the human race forward.The flow of events is fitful by being taken back to the end of the junior year In Emily and Georges education. Emily decides to take up once morest Georges pride. This brings in a heated discussion on their future and the love they share with each other. From school Emily tells George that, the popular status that he is having in the schools society at the moment, is making him feel conceited and more stuck up. This is due to the fact that, George has been appointed the class president, and on the other hand, Emily has been chosen the class secretary and consequently the treasurer. In addition to Georges position, h e has also decease a famous local star in the baseball arena. George is hurt by these remarks but appreciates for Emilys honesty. The two turn down the argument and catch up on ice-cream and sodas. Over these drinks, George decides to change his previous plan to attend an agriculture school and resolve to stay at Grovers corner with the love of his life, Emily.The wedding day is filled controversies and stress. This is shown by George going to see his fianc at their home on the wedding day. George being engrossed in nervousness discloses to his mother that, he is not ready to go into marriage. Emily on the other hand, confronts a similar turmoil. She opens up to her father about her anxiety on the marriage, and wishes she could be dead instead of acquire married. Nevertheless, they both overcome their fears and gain composure. They proceed to the aisle for the wedding ceremony. Mrs Soames is evidently happy with this wedding saying it is the best ever to be witnessed. The Stage Ma nager assumes the duties of the clergyman and weds the two.Although Our Town has enormous and prominent instances of romance, this is just but a mere case in the wide range of bonds relating to human being interactions. some(prenominal) different relationships have been depicted by Wilder in the quest of establishing clear lines between human interrelations in the community. From Act 1, The Stage Manager is out to establish a relationship with the audience. This creates a strong bond between the characters onstage and the offstage audience. The chatting of the milkman and the paperboy establishes a stronger relationship with the members of the Webbs and Gibbs family. Moreover children prefer walking in pairs or groups from school as it helps them to chat and make play games. An aspect of interrelationship is seen in Mrs Gibbs and Mrs Webb, who are next door neighbours and meet time and again in their yards to gossip on issues affecting them or general talk of the town. Collective p ronouns in the play also give an attribute to the desire for human beings to be in a community like form. All these aspects attest the significance of companionship in the community.In Act III, Wilder takes as to a cemetery setting at the Grovers Corner. This reflects on the finality of the three main life stages, these are birth, marriage and death. Eternity is emphasised through the action of excerpt of Emilys second child, while the mother dies in the process of giving birth. This takes place nine years after the marriage ceremony. She leaves her husband and a four year old son in the land of the living as she proceeds to the land of the dead. This brings in the idea that death exists and it is inevitable. This puts more emphasis on the mantrap of life, normal lifes rituals and grieving ceremony, immortality and the consequent eternity. It is clear that each and every person must finally die, however to soften this terror of rites of passage, the inner most theatrical role of eternal life must be conceptualized.The coffin containing Emilys body is brought to the cemetery and descended into the grave then buried. Wilder raises her from those mourning, as a spirit to join her other relatives and folks in the land of the dead. These include her mother in-law, Mrs Gibbs, Simon Stimson, and Mrs Soames. Emily envies the life she has left behind on the earth. She realizes the importance and value of life and understands she should take each individual day as it comes and live fully. This nostalgic appreciation of life is not shared by the living characters this is actually shown by her husband who lies beside her grave (Haberman 106).It is paramount to note that the events unfolding in Our Town directly interrelates with the present day life. This brings in the significance of people appreciating their present life and living it to the fullest.

The History Of The Hypermarket Industry Marketing Essay

The History Of The Hyper commercialise Industry Marketing EssayIn the chapter 1, we leave behind giving an all overview of our look for topics and also will need the accent of the research topic. Besides, this chapter will also explain most the research worrys and outline the research objectives that are need to be achieved by us, research question to be answered, hypotheses to be tested and lastly the significance of the study. query BackgroundScholars have attempted to build a better definition of pulse buy for over fifty years (Karbasivar Yarahmadi, 2011). Moreover, Lim, Badarulzama, and Ahmad (2003) also claimed that the retail turn in Malaysia keep increasing over years. In other words, retailers such as supermarkets and hypermarkets will substantially increasing in the future and the competition between these retailers will keep rising continuously. In addition of retail trend, at that place is say-so growing trend in lust purchasing as well (Bayley Nancarrow, 1998).During the research on the topic of caprice buy demeanor, researcher has identified several of essential information. Firstly, Hausman (2000) restart the previous studies finding and stated that there are almost 90 percent of people making occasionally impulse purchases and 30 percent and 50 percent of all purchases were classified by the buyers themselves as impulse purchases. Besides, Rook and Fishers (1995) also pointed that consumers try to manage their innate impulsive tendencies as they feel that impulse acquire as immature or lacking of behavioural control and it is normatively incorrectly. Yet consumers still insist on purchase product impulsive from retailers in particular hypermarket. For these reasons, marketers have the tendency to increase knowledge and understand of the subprogram, of influential factors and of effects of impulse buy (Hair, Bush Ortinau, 2003).Impulsive buying behaviour of consumers often occurred in hypermarket as hypermarket consists of one-stop and all-under-one-roof features (PricewaterhouseCoopers PwC, 2005). In other words, grasspers who shop in hypermarket will gift their purchase on all desired products at once and at the same, they equal to enjoy the entertainment facilities provided under the same roof such as bowling alleys, cinema, and snooker centre. In addition, the citizens in Malaysia are becoming wealthier and making them reach to purchase weed of products including luxury products. In addition, the citizens in Malaysia are becoming wealthier and making them afford to purchase plenty of products including luxury products. Wong (2010) also claimed that the price contend among retailers including hypermarkets, supermarkets and small-scale retailers to compete to be low cost leader, resulting the Malaysian to purchase unnecessary product impulsively.1.1.1 Hypermarket IndustryHypermarket started entering Malaysia in the early 1990s (Lim et al., 2003). Hypermarket is a super insert that merges b oth supermarket and department store to become a very huge retail facility which carries a tremendous variety of products under one roof, as well as full lines of groceries and general merchandise (Matamalas Ramos, 2009). Most of the hypermarkets are foreign retailers such as Giant, Carrefour, Tesco and so forth while for famous Malaysian-owned hypermarket is MYDIN hypermarket. callable to the significant growth in retail of Malaysia for the past few years and the expansion of foreign brand retailers by entering into our country, it helps to provide consumers with more than superior in selection of brands and styles (Wel, Hussin Omar, 2011). Through shopping in hypermarket retailing, consumers will benefit in terms of lower prices, good quality and reliable supply of plenty of variety and assortments of goods including after sales serve (Mohd Noor, Mamat Darawi, 2009).Retailers have long discovered the beguile power of impulse buying, which is indeed a focal point in many pur chasing activities (Mattila Wirtz, 2008). Hypermarket retailers will also value this opportunity as impulse buying will bring substantial amount of profit for them. Furthermore, any(prenominal) grocery retailers especially hypermarkets are starting to compete with purely non-grocery retailers such as home appliances as consumers demanding for more choices (Mohd Noor et al., 2009). The reason that hypermarket retailers took this action is to capture more sales profit from the consumers.1.1.2 Students Purchasing PowerThe purchasing power of students essential not be underestimated as they could generate a portion of sales for the hypermarket retailers. Besides, there is a new trend emerged from retailers such as supermarket, hypermarket, and shopping mall to build their shop near the higher education institution such as college and university as they have found the importance of students as key segments for their business (Ahmed, Ghingold Dahari, 2007). Basically, it is known that the students resources are mainly come from their parents and the student loan from government or private institutions. Danes, Huddleston-Casas and Boyce (1999) pointed that college students had many resources to spend and tended to be purchase impulsively. While Sabri and MacDonald (2010) revealed that college and university students in Malaysia would like to shop and purchase non-academic goods aggressively once they receive their student loans. Their study also shows there are about 45 percent of students in Malaysia spent all their loans before the end of semester (Sabri MacDonald, 2010). Moreover, some high education institutions in Malaysia have introducing their students to visit hypermarket near the students hostel and institution as the price offered by hypermarket will be cheaper than any small specialty shops, leading these students to make purchase in hypermarket (Berjaya University College of Hospitality, 2013 MONASH University, 2013). Apart from that, researches had shown that the students who visit hypermarket possesses greater proportion to purchase impulsively compare to other segments (Lim et al., 2011 ET Bureau, 2012).In addition, the continuous expansion of education services in Malaysia has made students as an important consumer market segment (Economic Planning Unit, 2006). There are two reasons why they will become an important consumer market segment. The first reason is the students purchasing power in Malaysia has growing, due to the availability of student loans second, among all the market segments of population, student segment is the segment that has great potential earnings in future (Sabri, MacDonald, Masud, Paim, Hira Othman, 2008).Problem StatementRetailers have long discovered the influence power of impulse buying, which is indeed an essential point in many purchasing activities (Mattila Wirtz, 2008). As the result, it produce intensive competition among the retailers such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, discount stores, c onvenience stores and even the small-scale retailers in the form of shop houses. The fierce competition among retailers especially supermarkets and hypermarkets required them to figure out any approaches to attract consumers and lead them to make impulsive purchase as consumer impulse buying is one of the greatest ways for retailers to generate high profitability. Specifically for students, as there are previous studies shown that students cover high percentage of sales from impulse purchasing (Lim et al., 2011 ET Bureau, 2012). Although there are consumers including student who always revisit their favourite retail stores and tend to be loyal to a particular store just some consumers are often to be cherry pickers (Wel et al., 2011). In other words, they are not usually loyal to one store, while on the contrary, they will easily switch to other retail stores in order to bargain for the best price before they purchase any of the products. Therefore, in order to conk in the current marketplace, retailers must find out the ways to attract and retain significant share of consumer impulse purchases (Dlamini, 2006). As the result, as to achieve agonistic advantage and stand out in marketplace, it is crucial to get word the effect of impulse purchases and highlighting factors that will direct and indirectly affect consumer impulse buying behaviour towards retail setting industry such as hypermarket.Hausman (2000) stated that impulse buying is an enigma within marketing world as it is considered wrong by the literature and consumers, yet it still account for a large amount of sales for retail industry every year. In addition, information about impulse buying and its numerous influential variables is still considered less (Abdolvand, Hanzaee, Rahnama Khoshpanjeh, 2011). Hence, scholars and researchers should participate further in this challenging topic. Although researches might face plenty of complicatedness during the process of investigating and examine, this topic has generated substantial amount of research lodge in for over thirty years (Beatty Ferrell, 1998).The topic of impulse purchases has received substantial research interest in marketing literature (Beatty Ferrell, 1998 Rook Fisher, 1995 Hadjali, Salimi Ardestani, 2012). However, research on impulse buying is often focused on consumers in the United States, yet few researches are done in non- westbound country such as Malaysia (Kacen Lee, 2002). Therefore, this study is to gain better understanding of how in-store environment, positive emotions and social norms influence consumer impulse buying behaviour in Malaysia. This study will investigate whether in-store environment, positive emotions and social norms have the power to influence consumer impulse buying behaviour in Malaysia corresponds to the western countries.Research objectiveAccording to the problem pedagogy mentioned above, the researches of the topic of impulse buying behaviour is still ambiguous and it is requires for scholars or researchers to implement more researches in order to remove the ambiguous and acquire more accurate information of impulse buying behaviour. Apart from that, due to the tense competition among the hypermarket in Malaysia, hypermarket owners must clearly identified the important elements or factors that will truly influence the consumers to make purchase impulsively in their respective hypermarkets.1.3.1 General objectiveThis research is concentrated on underlying factors that influencing impulse buying behaviour. Besides, this research also studies on analyzing the relationship between the factors and impulse buying behaviour.Specific ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between in-store environment and impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket.To examine the relationship between positive emotion and impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket.To examine the relationship between social norms and impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket.Research QuestionDoes in-stor e environment positively influence impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket?Does positive emotion positively influence impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket?Do social norms positively influence impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket?1.5 Hypothesis of the studyFindings from previous research together with the objectives of the study lead toward the development of the following hypothesesThere is a relationship between in-store environment and impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket.There is a relationship between positive emotion and impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket.There is a relationship between social norms and impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket.1.6 Significance of the StudyThis research is ascertain whether impulse buying behaviour of college and university students has significant influence on stores sales and profit, and most of the stores and hypermarket had started implemented the impulse buying strategy. Due to this reason, our research is to study what are th e critical factors that trigger the customer impulsive buying behaviour. This research is relatively important to all retailers especially hypermarket owners.By going through this research study, retailers are able to understand the critical factors that will greatly affect their store sales. For example, the enhanced store design or store environment that is varies from the conventional store design which is believed that it is unique by comparing to other stores, thereby it will play as a role of catching the attention of the pass by customers. Therefore, it can increase or trigger the tendency of impulse buying behaviour of the customers.1.7 Chapter layout1.7.1 Chapter 1 IntroductionThis chapter will provide an overview of the study which includes the background of studies, problem statement, general and specific objectives, research questions, hypothesis, and significance of the study, chapter layout and conclusion that explaining the purpose of the research.1.7.2 Chapter 2 Lite rature ReviewThis chapter shows the literature review that includes a full applicable of the relevant research work for the research topic. It describes the relationships for every independent and dependent variables. The research study reviews the relevant theoretical models, and then proposes the theoretical framework and hypotheses development.1.7.3 Chapter 3 Research MethodologyThis chapter describes how the research study is carried out and gathers the information, by using the appropriate research design, data collection methods, sampling design, research instrument, construct measurement data processing and method of data analysis.1.7.4 Chapter 4 Research ResultThis chapter presents the patterns of the results and analyses of the results which are relevant to the research questions and hypotheses by using SPSS analysis.1.7.5 Chapter 5 Discussion and ConclusionIn this chapter, the research study summarizes the research findings which are included statistical analyses, discus sions of major findings, implications of study, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research.1.8 ConclusionThis chapter will provide an overview of the research study. The background, problem statement of this study, research objective and questions has been identified. Hypotheses of this study have been formed and it will be used to focus on factors that influence impulse buying behaviour in hypermarket. A further review of the previous relevant studies and researches will be conducted in the next chapter.

Study And Definition Of Total Quality Management Management Essay

Study And Definition Of Total Quality Management Management EssayW. Edwards Deming foremost introduced TQM (Total Quality Management) in 1950s in Japan. It is a modern select precaution based on the conventional feel charge. Along with the development of information and technology as well as the requirement of management, it has become a strong systematic science. It is a philosophy that involves every champion in an organization with a prevalent effort improving quality and achieving customer merriment (Boyne and George.2002).Feigenbaum, the famous experts from the United States, gave the definition of TQM in the early 1960s as follows to be able to knead commercialise research, normal, manufacturing and aft(prenominal)-sales service in the most economical level, and fully meeting customer requirements (Chiaburu and Dan, 2005). Moreover, the quality development, quality maintenance and the quality improvement of various departments in the enterprise constitute an effectiv e integrated system. Specific on the wholey, TQM implies main ideas that are, strong customer focus, continuous improvement, and employee authorisation.From the perspective of present and future, the customer has become roles that should never be neglected. Customer-centered management model is gradually being attached great grandness by enterprises (Chiaburu and Dan, 2005). TQM focus on customer value and the leading idea is customer satisfaction and recognition is the key to gain market create value for long-term. Therefore, TQM must be taking Customer-centered through prohibited the enterprise management process, that is in all aspects, from market research to product design, sample, fruit, inspection, warehousing, sales and after-sales service, it is important to establish the customer priority attitude firmly, not only to produce affordable products, but besides well operate for customers, and ultimately make customer satisfaction assured.Continuous improvement is a philoso phy of never-ending improvement. TQM is a commitment that could never to be satisfied, the quality that can always be improved, There is always a better choice beyond the best. Under the guidance of this concept, enterprises improve the product, service quality and dependableness continuously, all of which ensure to access a competitive advantage.As for employee empowerment, TQM enables workers on production line to join in the improvement process and uses the form of groups extensively to identify and solve problems (Grote, 2000). Employees are expected to explore out, identify, and correct quality problems.Besides, some other aspects are also important, such as ongoing employee cooking in the use of quality tools, design products to meet customer expectations process management and extend quality concepts to a companys suppliers.Improvement of TQM cause what kind of improvements of consanguinity amid customers and front line staff?Total quality management means that everyon e should be responsible for quality, which not only refers to the quality of the product, but also refers to the quality of work. Meanwhile, the quality of service is not limited to customer service, but also refers to the service for company employees, such as co-ordination among the colleagues, the convergence between departments etcetera Nevertheless, everything in the company, should hap customers and consumers a healthy impression (Longnecker and Nykodym, 2000). Therefore, if the concept of TQM is deep into the heart of the staff and implemented effectively, it go out guide the staff to give good customer services, so that make customer satisfaction. More importantly, it can improve the relationship between employees and customers.Take the following case as an example if an employee fails to be motivated by the leader, he may not take active contribution in the meeting to identify problems and to find solutions in the process. What is worse is that he may work passively hi s team spirit provide be reduced, which leave have a negative impact on the whole company. Conversely, if the tutor can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of each employee, the departments team spirit will certainly be fully exposed, and the overall objective of the company will be achieved to meet the customers wants, needs and desires. Therefore, it can be effective to strengthen the skills and quality consciousness of workers (Rainey and Pandey, 2000). The following steps are creating appropriately incentive, training the sentience of ownership and efficiency in all staffs, and strengthening the sense of Teamwork. All these will make the internal staff work with enthusiasm, thus the target customers will get first-class product and high-standard service quality.How to improve?To improve the TQM, it is necessary to know what customers want, more importantly, understand customers psychology, all of which requires doing market research ahead of time. thusly the production of qualifi ed products and quality services should be provided for customers to meet their needs and desires (Janssen and Yperen, 2004). A Significant feature of Total quality management is the preventive, that is to change the after checking to strengthening the idea of advance prevention, and make management results as the management factor. So it is necessary to make clear factors, which affect product quality during the production process. They are Man, Machine, Material, and Method (Rainey and Bozeman, 2000).In the four main factors, the man is the most vital one. Whether the equipment operation, maintenance, or the acceptance and check of materials, and even the compliance and improvement of method, that all depend on workers intelligence and enthusiasm, so they play a most important role during the whole process. Machine (Equipment) management includes the early detection of equipment day-after-day maintenance and appropriate measures and certain standards of maintenance and regular ad justment. Material managements are to enhance the acceptance, improve the storage method, and avoid the damage and the metamorphism of material and so on. As for the method, the best operation method should be standardized, written, and introduced to the workers (Hui and Lam, 2000).All in all, it is necessary to apply the PDCA cycle during the process. That is carrying out all the plans with the quality as the centre basing on full participation. The PDCA cycle is also called Deming Wheel or Continuous Improvement Spiral that is Plan-Do-Check-Action cycle showed in the following graph.In other words, plan is to crush the situation, identify problems to find out the major factors of the reasons and at last develop an action plan. Do is to carry out the plan. Check is to Check the implementation results of the plan, and A is to sum up the successful experience and develop an appropriate standards, at last ,take the unresolved or emerging issues into the next PDCA cycleBriggs and Char lotte, 2003.Specifically, it is appropriate to seek for what the customer wants at first, and then design a product or service that meets or exceeds customer wants, further more, design processes that facilitate doing the parentage full the first time, and keep track of results at last to extend these concepts to suppliers.Brief descriptionHyatt is a globally recognized hospitality company with more than fifty-year history. The Hyatt regency mental institution cove is a five-star resort hotel and this hotel has a traditional Queensland homestead style. It is also in a beautiful position amid lush, tropical gardens. This resort hotel features a colonial design that is an elegant reminder of former times, offering a unique blend of Australian hospitality and sophistication.There are different types of rooms offered in Hyatt regency asylum cove hotel. King room, twin room, lagoon view king, lagoon view twin, club king, club twin, Queenslander suit, homestead suit, federation suite and manor suit. There are 14 dedicated meeting rooms, conference and banquet facilities accommodating groups of 10 to 500. Each room has different types of amenities such as balcony, individual heat control, disrupt sitting area and so on. This hotel provides special offers to government, AAA or CAA members, senior citizens and corporate or group members. There are variety of services and facilities such as 24-hour in-room dining and resort security, shuttle bus service, Camp Hyatt that offers parents free time to enjoy gym and playing golf while their kids are kind exciting activities, laundry and valet service and 24-hour medical centre. And also wineries and gourmet trails, national park and waterfalls, theme parks surround this hotel and they are easy to choke from the hotel.TQM implementation processTotal quality management is applicable to all kinds of businesses. On the other hand, it is more difficult for hospitality industries to implement TQM because products are intang ible, services are produced and consumed at the same time and customers values are different (Vrtodusic, 2000). As Hyatt hotel is well known on the tourist market and the guests are recognising it as a good four-star hotel, it is important to have continuous improvement to keep the business healthy. In hotel industries, people participant in rendering particular services cope directly with other people every day and for that reason they are required to be extremely sensitive to exceed the personal needs, wants and desires (Lakhe and Mohanty, 1995). unity of the best ways to achieve quality improvement is obtained by focusing on its customers concerns. By surveying its customers and owners in related to safe operating procedures, attitude, decimal point of communication, service delivery system and performance, the hotel can improve its TQM effectively. Hyatt must identify and choose processes that are to be of interest to the committee and also likely to give reasonable results. I ts reservation processes, from the time guests make bookings until they arrive at their room can be an example. In order to improve and identify this process, first, meetings need to be held with the managers of departments who are directly involved in the process. Second, interviews need to be done with its staff, and lastly observation of the processes is needed (Saunders and Graham 1992). Through these steps, measurement points can be identified such as timeliness, integrity, predictability and satisfaction (See Appendix 1). Hyatt hotel also need to provide quality-training programme. Employees, however, need to be trained from upper management to the in-house trainers and facilitators to emphasise the importance of training. For the management training, it needs to cover basic topics such as importance of customer satisfaction, background, overview and benefit of TQM. More importantly, managers need to understand steps in implementing TQM, principles of team building and employe e empowerment. Furthermore, non-supervisory employees need to be informed clearly about Hyatts vision, mission and guiding principles (Witt and Muhlemann, 1994). Empowerment is the most popular concept in modern management and organisation applications, which means giving workers responsibilities for solving customers complains. It makes employees more productive and esteemed (Wilkinson, 1998). In addition, it is important for employees to take a positive action to find out what went wrong. For instance, handling guests complains on the spot rather than asking their manager and fix it later will reduce the cost. There are some possible improvements when quality improvement teams are established. It will provide increased employee value, informed and skilled employees, employee suggestions and participation, and personal development. Feedback is also an important part of TQM. If Hyatt hotel can reduce the time between identifying guests needs and satisfying these needs, it might incr ease customer retention. Even though it is significant to increase occupancy rate for the hotel, focusing on quality goals will develop quality of service and products and make more profits. Suppliers also need to improve their quality in terms of the time between ordering and delivery. If they do not improve and have willingness to do that, it is not recommended to deal with them.ReferencesBriggs, C. L. Joan, S. (2003). How do we know a continuous planning academic program when we see one? diary of Higher Education. Vol. 16, No. 2 361-370.Boyne, G. A. and Richard, M. W. (2002). Total quality management and performance An evaluation of the evidence and lessons for research on public organizations. domain transaction Management Review. Vol. 26, No. 2 111-123.Chiaburu, D. S. (2005). The effects of instrumentality on the relationship between goal orientation and leader-member exchange. The daybook of Social Psychology. Vol. 25, No.3, 365-369Grote,. D. (2000). Public heavens Organ izations Todays groundbreaking Leaders in Performance Management. Public Personnel Management. Vol. 29, No. 1 1-20.Hendrick, R. (2002). Comprehensive management and budgeting reform in local government The case of Milwaukee. Public Performance and Management Review. Vol. 23, No.3 312-37Hui, C. Lam, S. S. K., Law, K. K. S. (2000). Instrumental values of organizational citizenship behavior for promotion A field quasi-experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol. 85, No.11 822-828.Janssen, O. Van Yperen, N. W. (2004). Employees goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 47, No.7 368-384.Lakhe, R. R. Mohanty, R. P. (1995). Understanding TQM in service systems. The international journal of Quality Reliability Management. Vol. 12, No. 9 139-153.Longnecker, C. O. Nykodym, N.. (2000). Public Sector Performance Appraisal Effectiveness A Case Study. Public Personnel Management. Vo l. 25, No.2 151-164.Rainey, H. G. Barry, B. (2000). Comparing public and private organizations Empirical research and the power of a priori. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Vol. 10, No.2 447-69.Rainey, H. G., Pandey, S. and Barry, B. (2000). Research note Public and private managers perceptions of red tape. Public Administration Review. Vol. 55, No.6 567-74.Saunders, Ian W. and Graham, Mary Ann (1992). Total quality management in the hospitality industry, Total Quality Management Business Excellence. Vol. 3, No.3 243-256Vrtodusic, A. (2000). Standardization and TQM in the hotel industry. Hotel 2000. Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management Opatija, Opatija. Pp. 1.Wilkinson, A. (1998). Empowerment Theory and Practice. Personal Review. Journal of employee management. Vol. 27, No. 1 40-56.Witt, C. A., Muhlemann, A. P. (1994). The implementation of total quality management in tourism some guidelines. Journal of Tourism Management. Vol. 15, No. 6 416-424.

Rose :: essays research papers

Choices do in The Road Not TakenEveryone is a fiter, choosing the roadways to follow on the map of their continuous life. A straight path never leaves speaker with one sole direction on which to travel. Robert icings rime "The Road Not Taken" is about how the choices affect speakers life. Frost illustrates speaker to coerce a difficult last about choosing one of two equally promising roads to travel on. When speaker comes to a fork road, a decision needs to be made. two paths are different and choosing the right one will depend on his past experience. It is this way that he chooses to decide where he is going to travel. Throughout this poem, it is distinct that decisions are not easy to make, and for each one decision will lead him follow through a different road to travel. In any case however, this poem clearly demonstrates Frosts belief that it is the road that speaker chooses that makes him who he is.Speaker had two roads to choose from and wonders what would h ave happened if he had taken the some other road. The poem begins with simple sentence, "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood," as the speaker sees two roads before him and obviously he cannot travel on both at the same time. He tries to consider the consequences as he "looked down one as far as I could." However, each road "bent in the undergrowth" as where each road obviously different. It is unclear to him what the consequences would be if he chooses either road. Frost states "And sorry I could not travel both," that shows the point in which speaker will choose only one path in which to travel on. It is always difficult to make a decision, because it is impossible not to wonder what will be missed out. There is a strong sense of wonder before the choice is made because he knows that in one lifetime he cannot travel down on every road. In an attempt to make a decision, the speaker "looked down one as far as I could". The road he chooses lead s to the unknown choice in life. In the first stanza, the emphasis is on the road that was not traveled, simply he cannot and be one traveler on both paths. The speaker has a difficult choice to make and is carefully considering his options, but he must choose one of the roads to travel.

Individualism versus Collectivism in The Fountainhead Essay example --

Individualism versus Collectivism in The Fountainhead The theme of The Fountainhead as stated by its author, Ayn Rand, is individualism versus sovietism, not in politics, but in mans soul. Three major characters serve as types for the noble, contemptible, and parasitic in this comparison. Howard Roark is an architect who serves as Rands model for individualism to the extent that he is willing to sacrifice everything he has in order to retain his status as an individual. Ellsworth Monkton Toohey is a charismatic genius who uses his knowledge of human nature and collectivism to manipulate and control the masses, who hang on his every word. Peter Keating is an ambitious young man who is in all actuality exactly what the public says he is he reaps the benefits--and the curses--of collectivism in his rise to and fall from the top. The actions and motives of these three men serve as a means of bringing the two concepts in question to feeling for the readers of The Fountainhe ad. Howard Roark summarizes his philosophy of existence when, in the course of a courtroom speech, he states I came here to say that I do not recognize anyones even off to one minute of my life.(1) Roark designs buildings for a living, or more accurately, he lives to design buildings. He sees his clients as a secondary--albeit necessary--element of his profession. When someone asks him to design a building, he accepts solo the basic requirements and funds for the project he designs the structure to make optimum use of the building materials and construction site. He will agree to no suggestions or modifications he builds for himself only, and his clients may accept it as they accept him, or reject it in much the same... ...ions of three distinct philosophies. Roark is the individualist--the man who will not get his life from others he is the man who will give all he has to preserve the fundamental purity of his soul. Toohey is the propagator and employer of collecti vism, the voice of the people, the enemy of the individual and everything it stands for. at that place is no Peter Keating--the name represents the shell of a man who is shaped and directed by society and its caprices. Peter Keating is collectivism incarnate. It is through the concrete word picture of each of these men that the reader is able to grasp the meaning of individualism and collectivism, and their effect on mankind. 1. The Fountainhead, 50th Anniversary Edition (Penguin Books), page 686, line 3. 2. ib. page 640, line 7. 3. ibid. page 640, line 22. 4. ibid. page 637, line 6.